{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404344789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.00238","title":"Understanding the Limits of Vision Language Models Through the Lens of the Binding Problem","display_name":"Understanding the Limits of Vision Language Models Through the Lens of the Binding Problem","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404344789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.00238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.00238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00238","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.00238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.00238","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014696805","display_name":"Declan I. Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4225-7983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4225-7983"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Campbell, Declan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071963485","display_name":"Sunayana Rane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rane, Sunayana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011331874","display_name":"Tyler Giallanza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-9369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-9369"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giallanza, Tyler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114634795","display_name":"Nicol\u00f2 De Sabbata","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Sabbata, Nicol\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114634796","display_name":"Kia Ghods","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghods, Kia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Joshi, Amogh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshi, Amogh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055207525","display_name":"Alexander Ku","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ku, Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045332730","display_name":"Steven Frankland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-0680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-0680"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frankland, Steven M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077079119","display_name":"Thomas L. Griffiths","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-7255","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-7255"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Griffiths, Thomas L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102002124","display_name":"Jonathan Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-0045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-0045"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cohen, Jonathan D.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079675053","display_name":"Taylor W. Webb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-3177","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1335-3177"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Webb, Taylor W.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-language-models","display_name":"vision-language models","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binding-problem","display_name":"binding problem","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-representation","display_name":"object representation","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-counting","display_name":"object counting","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-localization","display_name":"object localization","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analogy","display_name":"visual analogy","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-failure-modes","display_name":"model failure modes","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-processing","display_name":"feedforward processing","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-processing","display_name":"serial processing","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-language-models","display_name":"multimodal language models","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-to-image-models","display_name":"text-to-image models","score":0.8999999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.6231473684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6218630075454712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43027591705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.35939401388168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3290531039237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25224626064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20302248001098633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13555055856704712}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.00238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00238","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.00238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2411.00238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.00238","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2411.00238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2411.00238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2411.00238","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.00238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4321486002","https://openalex.org/W2050941231","https://openalex.org/W2348285641","https://openalex.org/W1622737280","https://openalex.org/W4321517506","https://openalex.org/W4387524676","https://openalex.org/W2390629623","https://openalex.org/W4399703469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"work":[1],"has":[2],"documented":[3],"striking":[4],"heterogeneity":[5],"in":[6,86,115,164],"the":[7,83,119,132,145,157,165],"performance":[8],"of":[9,34,56,73,82,100,121,131,135],"state-of-the-art":[10,136],"vision":[11],"language":[12,18],"models":[13,19,24],"(VLMs),":[14],"including":[15],"both":[16],"multimodal":[17],"and":[20,29,53,75,89,148],"text-to-image":[21],"models.":[22],"These":[23],"are":[25,153],"able":[26],"to":[27,79,106,111,124,144,156],"describe":[28],"generate":[30],"a":[31,91,97],"diverse":[32],"array":[33],"complex,":[35],"naturalistic":[36],"images,":[37],"yet":[38],"they":[39],"exhibit":[40],"surprising":[41],"failures":[42,134],"on":[43],"basic":[44],"multi-object":[45],"reasoning":[46],"tasks":[47],"--":[48,59],"such":[49],"as":[50,141],"counting,":[51],"localization,":[52],"simple":[54],"forms":[55],"visual":[57],"analogy":[58],"that":[60,94,129,149],"humans":[61],"perform":[62],"with":[63],"near":[64],"perfect":[65],"accuracy.":[66],"To":[67],"better":[68],"understand":[69],"this":[70],"puzzling":[71,133],"pattern":[72],"successes":[74],"failures,":[76],"we":[77],"turn":[78],"theoretical":[80],"accounts":[81],"binding":[84,146],"problem":[85,93],"cognitive":[87],"science":[88],"neuroscience,":[90],"fundamental":[92],"arises":[95],"when":[96],"shared":[98],"set":[99],"representational":[101],"resources":[102],"must":[103],"be":[104,139],"used":[105],"represent":[107,112],"distinct":[108],"entities":[109],"(e.g.,":[110],"multiple":[113],"objects":[114],"an":[116],"image),":[117],"necessitating":[118],"use":[120],"serial":[122],"processing":[123,163],"avoid":[125],"interference.":[126],"We":[127],"find":[128],"many":[130],"VLMs":[137],"can":[138],"explained":[140],"arising":[142],"due":[143],"problem,":[147],"these":[150],"failure":[151],"modes":[152],"strikingly":[154],"similar":[155],"limitations":[158],"exhibited":[159],"by":[160],"rapid,":[161],"feedforward":[162],"human":[166],"brain.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}