{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403963877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2410.04350","title":"TIS-DPO: Token-level Importance Sampling for Direct Preference Optimization With Estimated Weights","display_name":"TIS-DPO: Token-level Importance Sampling for Direct Preference Optimization With Estimated Weights","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403963877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2410.04350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2410.04350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04350","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.04350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.04350","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102845658","display_name":"Aiwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-8263"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Aiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062275412","display_name":"Hengrui Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9873-961X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bai, Haoping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100295209","display_name":"Z Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Zhiyun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sun, Yanchao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Yanchao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000910664","display_name":"Xiang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0835-3826"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kong, Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033111751","display_name":"Simon Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shan, Jiulong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan, Jiulong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032473827","display_name":"Albin Madappally Jose","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose, Albin Madappally","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048465819","display_name":"Xiaojiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2014-7016"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xiaojiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030845033","display_name":"Lijie Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0358-3160"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen, Lijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036357902","display_name":"Philip S. Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-5968"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Philip S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067002890","display_name":"Meng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8946-4228"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102845658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.6888419985771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.5248284935951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5169288516044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4224504232406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4214988052845001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3427942991256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09048518538475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0776195228099823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.6888419985771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.5248284935951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5169288516044617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4224504232406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4214988052845001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3427942991256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09048518538475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0776195228099823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2410.04350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04350","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.04350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.04350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2410.04350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2410.04350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.04350","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.04350","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313434","display_name":"Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403963877.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4388335561","https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W4288261899","https://openalex.org/W4307309205","https://openalex.org/W2967478618","https://openalex.org/W4385009901","https://openalex.org/W3107697994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Direct":[0],"Preference":[1],"Optimization":[2],"(DPO)":[3],"has":[4,71],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"adopted":[7],"for":[8,69,75,106],"preference":[9],"alignment":[10,210],"of":[11,154],"Large":[12],"Language":[13],"Models":[14],"(LLMs)":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,56,109,128,161,223],"its":[18,133],"simplicity":[19],"and":[20,52,80,181,184,188,194,208,211],"effectiveness.":[21],"However,":[22,91],"DPO":[23,70,120,190],"is":[24,35,85,96],"derived":[25],"as":[26,37,83],"a":[27,38,116,152],"bandit":[28],"problem":[29],"in":[30,78,88,98,148],"which":[31,47],"the":[32,42,66,93,103,141,146,168,217],"whole":[33],"response":[34],"treated":[36],"single":[39],"arm,":[40],"ignoring":[41],"importance":[43,107,118,126,143],"differences":[44],"between":[45],"tokens,":[46],"may":[48],"affect":[49],"optimization":[50],"efficiency":[51],"make":[53],"it":[54],"difficult":[55],"achieve":[57,110],"optimal":[58,67,94],"results.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"work,":[62],"we":[63,100,114,139],"propose":[64,101,115],"that":[65,124,199],"data":[68],"equal":[72],"expected":[73],"rewards":[74],"each":[76,129],"token":[77,89,130,142,226],"winning":[79,180,193],"losing":[81,182,195],"responses,":[82,183],"there":[84],"no":[86],"difference":[87,147],"importance.":[90],"since":[92],"dataset":[95,105],"unavailable":[97],"practice,":[99],"using":[102,145,179],"original":[104,169],"sampling":[108,119],"unbiased":[111],"optimization.":[112],"Accordingly,":[113],"token-level":[117],"objective":[121],"named":[122],"TIS-DPO":[123,200],"assigns":[125],"weights":[127,144],"based":[131],"on":[132,206],"reward.":[134],"Inspired":[135],"by":[136],"previous":[137],"works,":[138],"estimate":[140],"prediction":[149],"probabilities":[150],"from":[151],"pair":[153],"contrastive":[155,164,172],"LLMs.":[156],"We":[157,214],"explore":[158],"three":[159],"methods":[160,205],"construct":[162],"these":[163],"LLMs:":[165],"(1)":[166],"guiding":[167],"LLM":[170],"with":[171,192],"prompts,":[173],"(2)":[174],"training":[175,191],"two":[176],"separate":[177],"LLMs":[178],"(3)":[185],"performing":[186],"forward":[187],"reverse":[189],"responses.":[196],"Experiments":[197],"show":[198],"significantly":[201],"outperforms":[202],"various":[203],"baseline":[204],"harmlessness":[207],"helpfulness":[209],"summarization":[212],"tasks.":[213],"also":[215],"visualize":[216],"estimated":[218],"weights,":[219],"demonstrating":[220],"their":[221],"ability":[222],"identify":[224],"key":[225],"positions.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
