{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403785082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2409.17109","title":"Unveiling Ontological Commitment in Multi-Modal Foundation Models","display_name":"Unveiling Ontological Commitment in Multi-Modal Foundation Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403785082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2409.17109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2409.17109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17109","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.17109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.17109","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054710951","display_name":"Mert Keser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keser, Mert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028540603","display_name":"Gesina Schwalbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-2478"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schwalbe, Gesina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092108058","display_name":"Niki Amini-Naieni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8301-1010"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amini-Naieni, Niki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080542566","display_name":"Matthias Rottmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3840-0184"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rottmann, Matthias","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063781430","display_name":"Alois Knoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-076X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Knoll, Alois","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.8487629890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.7490671277046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38604214787483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.364041805267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.29671117663383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.2822016179561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08840769529342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.0626554787158966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.8487629890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.7490671277046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38604214787483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.364041805267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.29671117663383484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2822016179561615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08840769529342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0626554787158966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2409.17109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17109","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.17109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2409.17109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2409.17109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2409.17109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17109","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.17109","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2381393187","https://openalex.org/W2332779545","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2358060160","https://openalex.org/W2035483685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ontological":[0],"commitment,":[1],"i.e.,":[2],"used":[3],"concepts,":[4],"relations,":[5],"and":[6,44,95,151,188],"assumptions,":[7],"are":[8,24,81],"a":[9,88,102,111,115,190],"corner":[10],"stone":[11],"of":[12,42,76,97,118,206],"qualitative":[13,50],"reasoning":[14],"(QR)":[15],"models.":[16,36,63,181],"The":[17],"state-of-the-art":[18,179],"for":[19,93,114],"processing":[20],"raw":[21],"inputs,":[22],"though,":[23],"deep":[25],"neural":[26],"networks":[27],"(DNNs),":[28],"nowadays":[29],"often":[30],"based":[31],"off":[32],"from":[33,110,163,178],"multimodal":[34,112],"foundation":[35,180],"These":[37],"automatically":[38],"learn":[39],"rich":[40],"representations":[41,75,193],"concepts":[43,72,157],"respective":[45],"reasoning.":[46],"Unfortunately,":[47],"the":[48,106,122,131,154,204],"learned":[49,107,192],"knowledge":[51],"is":[52,67],"opaque,":[53],"preventing":[54],"easy":[55],"inspection,":[56],"validation,":[57],"or":[58],"adaptation":[59],"against":[60,194],"available":[61,161],"QR":[62,92],"So":[64],"far,":[65],"it":[66],"possible":[68],"to":[69,84,140,186],"associate":[70],"pre-defined":[71],"with":[73],"latent":[74],"DNNs,":[77],"but":[78],"extractable":[79],"relations":[80],"mostly":[82],"limited":[83],"semantic":[85,146],"similarity.":[86],"As":[87],"next":[89],"step":[90],"towards":[91],"validation":[94],"verification":[96],"DNNs:":[98],"Concretely,":[99],"we":[100,124,183,198],"propose":[101],"method":[103],"that":[104,143,170],"extracts":[105],"superclass":[108],"hierarchy":[109],"DNN":[113],"given":[116,195],"set":[117],"leaf":[119,127],"concepts.":[120],"Under":[121],"hood":[123],"(1)":[125],"obtain":[126],"concept":[128],"embeddings":[129],"using":[130,142,158],"DNN's":[132,191],"textual":[133],"input":[134],"modality;":[135],"(2)":[136],"apply":[137],"hierarchical":[138],"clustering":[139],"them,":[141],"DNNs":[144],"encode":[145],"similarities":[147],"via":[148],"vector":[149],"distances;":[150],"(3)":[152],"label":[153],"such-obtained":[155],"parent":[156],"search":[159],"in":[160,203],"ontologies":[162],"QR.":[164,207],"An":[165],"initial":[166],"evaluation":[167],"study":[168],"shows":[169],"meaningful":[171],"ontological":[172],"class":[173],"hierarchies":[174],"can":[175],"be":[176],"extracted":[177],"Furthermore,":[182],"demonstrate":[184],"how":[185],"validate":[187],"verify":[189],"ontologies.":[196],"Lastly,":[197],"discuss":[199],"potential":[200],"future":[201],"applications":[202],"context":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}