{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402706047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.15823","title":"Benchmarking foundation models as feature extractors for weakly-supervised computational pathology","display_name":"Benchmarking foundation models as feature extractors for weakly-supervised computational pathology","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402706047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.15823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.15823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15823","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15823","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107077385","display_name":"Peter Neidlinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9416-1498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9416-1498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269091","display_name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Digital Health","ror":"https://ror.org/031x70h91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neidlinger, Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074325740","display_name":"Omar S. M. El Nahhas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-2117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-2117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269091","display_name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Digital Health","ror":"https://ror.org/031x70h91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nahhas, Omar S. M. El","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany",". StratifAI GmbH , Dresden , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". StratifAI GmbH , Dresden , Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065852572","display_name":"Hannah Sophie Muti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-3837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-3837"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muti, Hannah Sophie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113076192","display_name":"Tim Lenz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-2535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-2535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269091","display_name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Digital Health","ror":"https://ror.org/031x70h91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenz, Tim","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036777611","display_name":"Michael Hoffmeister","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-3197","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-3197"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17937529","display_name":"German Cancer Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdgtt98","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoffmeister, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077206620","display_name":"Hermann Brenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-1572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-1572"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brenner, Hermann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034336361","display_name":"Marko van Treeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7377-5471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7377-5471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269091","display_name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Digital Health","ror":"https://ror.org/031x70h91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"van Treeck, Marko","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091797746","display_name":"Rupert Langer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-3609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-3609"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119171","display_name":"Kepler Universit\u00e4tsklinikum","ror":"https://ror.org/02h3bfj85","country_code":"AT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119171"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Langer, Rupert","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology , Kepler University Hospital , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Linz , Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology , Kepler University Hospital , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Linz , Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995","https://openalex.org/I4210119171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002614050","display_name":"Bastian Dislich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4838-4686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4838-4686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dislich, Bastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111335437","display_name":"H.-M. Behrens","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112713","display_name":"University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein","ror":"https://ror.org/01tvm6f46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behrens, Hans Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Pathology , University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Pathology , University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024583139","display_name":"Christoph R\u00f6cken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-8002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6989-8002"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00f6cken, Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073167797","display_name":"Sebastian Foersch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-6900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-6900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094062","display_name":"University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz","ror":"https://ror.org/00q1fsf04","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Foersch, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Institute of Pathology , University Medical Center Mainz , Mainz , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016512818","display_name":"Daniel Truhn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120689","display_name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Aachen","ror":"https://ror.org/02gm5zw39","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120689"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Truhn, Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology , University Hospital Aachen",". StratifAI GmbH , Dresden , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology , University Hospital Aachen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120689"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". StratifAI GmbH , Dresden , Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089982076","display_name":"Antonio Marra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-7824","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-7824"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marra, Antonio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076609492","display_name":"Oliver Lester Saldanha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-7590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-7590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269091","display_name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Center for Digital Health","ror":"https://ror.org/031x70h91","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162051","https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saldanha, Oliver Lester","raw_affiliation_strings":[". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health , Technical University Dresden , Dresden , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405269091","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073483894","display_name":"Jakob Nikolas Kather","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5348"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kather, Jakob Nikolas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"feature extraction","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weakly-supervised-learning","display_name":"weakly supervised learning","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-pathology","display_name":"computational pathology","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-language-models","display_name":"vision-language models","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conch","display_name":"conch","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-fusion","display_name":"feature fusion","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker-prediction","display_name":"biomarker prediction","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-outcome","display_name":"prognostic outcome","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"lung cancer","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"colorectal cancer","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastric-cancer","display_name":"gastric cancer","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validation","display_name":"external validation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataset-diversity","display_name":"data diversity","score":0.8579999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.8839852809906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.806861400604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7006038427352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5233632326126099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47365009784698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11299273371696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09258568286895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0774768590927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07520708441734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.15823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15823","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:1031278","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-255616%22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401033","display_name":"RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","host_organization_name":"RWTH Aachen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature biomedical engineering (2025). doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01516-3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2408.15823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.15823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.15823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.15823","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.15823","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.15823","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307758","display_name":"Eli Lilly and Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307765","display_name":"Pfizer","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdqrp08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307770","display_name":"AstraZeneca","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9x1a08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322148","display_name":"Eisai","ror":"https://ror.org/04vvh7p27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323024","display_name":"Astellas Pharma","ror":"https://ror.org/01cjash87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323556","display_name":"Deutsche Krebshilfe","ror":"https://ror.org/01wxdd722"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324142","display_name":"European Society for Medical Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/03xtz2n86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328691","display_name":"Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss","ror":"https://ror.org/008c2qm47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336708","display_name":"Leeds Biomedical Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/035f5f914"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338262","display_name":"Daiichi Sankyo Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/01qhj1g70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402706047.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402706047.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advancements":[0],"in":[1,147,155],"artificial":[2],"intelligence":[3],"have":[4],"driven":[5],"the":[6,93,122,131,135],"development":[7],"of":[8,14,134,149],"numerous":[9],"pathology":[10,178],"foundation":[11,28,50,89,100,111,169,179],"models":[12,29,51,70,112,146],"capable":[13],"extracting":[15],"clinically":[16],"relevant":[17],"information.":[18],"However,":[19],"there":[20],"is":[21],"currently":[22],"limited":[23],"literature":[24],"independently":[25],"evaluating":[26],"these":[27],"on":[30,52,73,114],"truly":[31],"external":[32],"cohorts":[33,55,116],"and":[34,59,66,81,125,141],"clinically-relevant":[35],"tasks":[36,75],"to":[37,77,98,120,129,176],"uncover":[38],"adjustments":[39,175],"for":[40,168],"future":[41],"improvements.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"study,":[45],"we":[46],"benchmarked":[47],"19":[48],"histopathology":[49],"13":[53],"patient":[54],"with":[56,102],"6,818":[57],"patients":[58],"9,528":[60],"slides":[61],"from":[62],"lung,":[63],"colorectal,":[64],"gastric,":[65],"breast":[67],"cancers.":[68],"The":[69,107],"were":[71],"evaluated":[72],"weakly-supervised":[74],"related":[76],"biomarkers,":[78],"morphological":[79],"properties,":[80],"prognostic":[82],"outcomes.":[83],"We":[84],"show":[85],"that":[86,110,162],"a":[87],"vision-language":[88],"model,":[90],"CONCH,":[91],"yielded":[92],"highest":[94],"performance":[95],"when":[96],"compared":[97],"vision-only":[99],"models,":[101],"Virchow2":[103,142],"as":[104],"close":[105],"second.":[106],"experiments":[108],"reveal":[109],"trained":[113],"distinct":[115],"learn":[117],"complementary":[118,153],"features":[119],"predict":[121],"same":[123],"label,":[124],"can":[126],"be":[127],"fused":[128],"outperform":[130],"current":[132],"state":[133],"art.":[136],"An":[137],"ensemble":[138],"combining":[139],"CONCH":[140],"predictions":[143],"outperformed":[144],"individual":[145],"55%":[148],"tasks,":[150],"leveraging":[151],"their":[152],"strengths":[154],"classification":[156],"scenarios.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"our":[159],"findings":[160],"suggest":[161],"data":[163,166],"diversity":[164],"outweighs":[165],"volume":[167],"models.":[170,180],"Our":[171],"work":[172],"highlights":[173],"actionable":[174],"improve":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
