{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399511964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.04755","title":"LLM Whisperer: An Inconspicuous Attack to Bias LLM Responses","display_name":"LLM Whisperer: An Inconspicuous Attack to Bias LLM Responses","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399511964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.04755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2406.04755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04755","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.04755","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.04755","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102490009","display_name":"Weiran Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Weiran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099083643","display_name":"Anna Gerchanovsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerchanovsky, Anna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071360648","display_name":"\u00d6mer Akg\u00fcl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2614-6476"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akgul, Omer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113246521","display_name":"Lujo Bauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bauer, Lujo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099083644","display_name":"Matt Fredrikson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrikson, Matt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032942801","display_name":"Zifan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-8060"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102490009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13972","display_name":"Business Law and Ethics","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13972","display_name":"Business Law and Ethics","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6427031755447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.5059131979942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.41095829010009766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6427031755447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5059131979942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.41095829010009766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2406.04755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04755","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.04755","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2406.04755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2406.04755","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2406.04755","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.04755","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.04755","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399511964.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399511964.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2908364646","https://openalex.org/W2275271759","https://openalex.org/W2014532210","https://openalex.org/W1992760298","https://openalex.org/W2767629806","https://openalex.org/W2319899002","https://openalex.org/W3132716659","https://openalex.org/W1562991075","https://openalex.org/W2187644337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Writing":[0],"effective":[1],"prompts":[2,20,41,58,94,100,147],"for":[3],"large":[4],"language":[5],"models":[6],"(LLM)":[7],"can":[8,26,38,59],"be":[9],"unintuitive":[10],"and":[11,112],"burdensome.":[12],"In":[13,48],"response,":[14],"services":[15,25],"that":[16,53,69,90],"optimize":[17],"or":[18],"suggest":[19],"have":[21],"emerged.":[22],"While":[23],"such":[24],"reduce":[27],"user":[28,87,136],"effort,":[29],"they":[30],"also":[31],"introduce":[32],"a":[33,64,72,76,86],"risk:":[34],"the":[35,61,132],"prompt":[36],"provider":[37],"subtly":[39],"manipulate":[40],"to":[42,67,106,118,134],"produce":[43],"heavily":[44],"biased":[45],"LLM":[46],"responses.":[47],"this":[49,129],"work,":[50],"we":[51,141],"show":[52],"subtle":[54],"synonym":[55],"replacements":[56],"in":[57],"increase":[60],"likelihood":[62],"(by":[63],"difference":[65],"up":[66],"78%)":[68],"LLMs":[70,105],"mention":[71],"target":[73,108,120],"concept":[74],"(e.g.,":[75],"brand,":[77],"political":[78],"party,":[79],"nation).":[80],"We":[81],"substantiate":[82],"our":[83,91],"observations":[84],"through":[85],"study,":[88],"showing":[89],"adversarially":[92],"perturbed":[93],"1)":[95],"are":[96],"indistinguishable":[97],"from":[98,148],"unaltered":[99],"by":[101],"humans,":[102],"2)":[103],"push":[104],"recommend":[107,142],"concepts":[109],"more":[110,116],"often,":[111],"3)":[113],"make":[114],"users":[115],"likely":[117],"notice":[119],"concepts,":[121],"all":[122],"without":[123],"arousing":[124],"suspicion.":[125],"The":[126],"practicality":[127],"of":[128],"attack":[130],"has":[131],"potential":[133],"undermine":[135],"autonomy.":[137],"Among":[138],"other":[139],"measures,":[140],"implementing":[143],"warnings":[144],"against":[145],"using":[146],"untrusted":[149],"parties.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2024-06-11T00:00:00"}