{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396506709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.17047","title":"Near to Mid-term Risks and Opportunities of Open-Source Generative AI","display_name":"Near to Mid-term Risks and Opportunities of Open-Source Generative AI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396506709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.17047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.17047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17047","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.17047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.17047","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064603755","display_name":"Francisco Eiras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7994-7314"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eiras, Francisco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103052945","display_name":"Aleksandar Petrov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2128-4298"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petrov, Aleksandar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084936290","display_name":"Bertie Vidgen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidgen, Bertie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112436473","display_name":"Christian Schroeder de Witt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"de Witt, Christian Schroeder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078065160","display_name":"Fabio Pizzati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-5649"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pizzati, Fabio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005852589","display_name":"Katherine Elkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elkins, Katherine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108109777","display_name":"Supratik Mukhopadhyay","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukhopadhyay, Supratik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091670711","display_name":"Adel Bibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-3918"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bibi, Adel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080635838","display_name":"Botos Csaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-8909"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Csaba, Botos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095946116","display_name":"Fabro Steibel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steibel, Fabro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050436152","display_name":"Fazl Barez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1889-6577"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barez, Fazl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055134025","display_name":"G. C. Moore Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smith, Genevieve","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095946117","display_name":"Gianluca Guadagni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guadagni, Gianluca","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034544789","display_name":"Jon Chun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-6784"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun, Jon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074872542","display_name":"Jordi Cabot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2418-2489"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cabot, Jordi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040428208","display_name":"Joseph Marvin Imperial","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-6129"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imperial, Joseph Marvin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034103815","display_name":"Juan A. Nolazco\u2010Flores","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4187-9352"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nolazco-Flores, Juan A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095946118","display_name":"Lori Landay","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Landay, Lori","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053558688","display_name":"Matthew G. Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-6578"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackson, Matthew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050023117","display_name":"Paul R\u00f6ttger","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00f6ttger, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001534492","display_name":"Philip H. S. Torr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torr, Philip H. S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029105520","display_name":"Trevor Darrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-8533"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darrell, Trevor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031732004","display_name":"Yong Suk Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-0292"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Yong Suk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059094093","display_name":"Jakob Foerster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-2498"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Foerster, Jakob","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":24,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064603755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7679159641265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6819369792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.6214672923088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39499014616012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35323643684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3506237268447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24317720532417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09342819452285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06520393490791321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7679159641265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6819369792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.6214672923088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39499014616012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35323643684387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3506237268447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24317720532417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09342819452285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06520393490791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.17047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17047","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.17047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.17047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.17047","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.17047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.17047","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.17047","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1361938442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2864483227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","funder_display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G480746282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320322","funder_display_name":"University of Bath"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8452545418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320322","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396506709.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2380075625","https://openalex.org/W42295635","https://openalex.org/W4390718435","https://openalex.org/W4390549206","https://openalex.org/W1973996291","https://openalex.org/W3137171911","https://openalex.org/W4379540039","https://openalex.org/W2330575325","https://openalex.org/W4237784285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,51,69,79,88,95,156],"next":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"applications":[5],"of":[6,15,50,72,83,121],"Generative":[7,74],"AI":[8,59,85,101,126,164],"are":[9,56],"expected":[10],"to":[11,23,65,108,136,155,162],"revolutionize":[12],"a":[13,33,150],"number":[14],"different":[16],"areas,":[17],"ranging":[18,132],"from":[19,48,133],"science":[20],"&":[21],"medicine":[22],"education.":[24],"The":[25],"potential":[26,37,129],"for":[27,43,78,138],"these":[28],"seismic":[29],"changes":[30],"has":[31],"triggered":[32],"lively":[34],"debate":[35],"about":[36],"risks":[38,120],"and":[39,90,105,119,127,140,166],"resulted":[40],"in":[41,46,58,87],"calls":[42,137],"tighter":[44],"regulation,":[45],"particular":[47],"some":[49],"major":[52],"tech":[53],"companies":[54],"who":[55],"leading":[57],"development.":[60],"This":[61],"regulation":[62],"is":[63],"likely":[64],"put":[66],"at":[67],"risk":[68,130],"budding":[70],"field":[71],"open-source":[73],"AI.":[75],"We":[76,114,143],"argue":[77],"responsible":[80],"open":[81,122],"sourcing":[82],"generative":[84],"models":[86],"near":[89,161],"medium":[91],"term.":[92],"To":[93],"set":[94],"stage,":[96],"we":[97],"first":[98],"introduce":[99],"an":[100],"openness":[102],"taxonomy":[103],"system":[104],"apply":[106],"it":[107],"40":[109],"current":[110,157],"large":[111],"language":[112],"models.":[113],"then":[115],"outline":[116],"differential":[117],"benefits":[118],"versus":[123],"closed":[124],"source":[125],"present":[128],"mitigation,":[131],"best":[134],"practices":[135],"technical":[139],"scientific":[141],"contributions.":[142],"hope":[144],"that":[145],"this":[146],"report":[147],"will":[148],"add":[149],"much":[151],"needed":[152],"missing":[153],"voice":[154],"public":[158],"discourse":[159],"on":[160],"mid-term":[163],"safety":[165],"other":[167],"societal":[168],"impact.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}