{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391244273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.12900","title":"PSAvatar: A Point-based Shape Model for Real-Time Head Avatar Animation with 3D Gaussian Splatting","display_name":"PSAvatar: A Point-based Shape Model for Real-Time Head Avatar Animation with 3D Gaussian Splatting","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391244273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.12900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.12900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12900","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12900","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026528598","display_name":"Zhongyuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-8015"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Zhongyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025683040","display_name":"Zhenyu Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bao, Zhenyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404176","display_name":"Qing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3370-471X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114259459","display_name":"Guoping Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-5648"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Guoping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004007577","display_name":"Kanglin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6293-5464"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Kanglin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026528598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.778516948223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.7452064752578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7430476546287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.6450414657592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.54256272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5406969785690308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5153595805168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.478288471698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-fidelity","display_name":"High fidelity","score":0.45791617035865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.43862950801849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.42573535442352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4252350628376007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12365254759788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.11462241411209106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.778516948223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.7452064752578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7430476546287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.6450414657592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.54256272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5406969785690308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5153595805168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.478288471698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.45791617035865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.43862950801849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.42573535442352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4252350628376007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12365254759788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.11462241411209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.12900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12900","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.12900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.12900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.12900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12900","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12900","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138471234","https://openalex.org/W4247958311","https://openalex.org/W2785089443","https://openalex.org/W2265117524","https://openalex.org/W4312431072","https://openalex.org/W1467576422","https://openalex.org/W4220730560","https://openalex.org/W2969390373","https://openalex.org/W2604471456","https://openalex.org/W1971128648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"much":[1],"progress,":[2],"achieving":[3],"real-time":[4,252],"high-fidelity":[5,229,237],"head":[6,68,85,105,202,238],"avatar":[7,69,106],"animation":[8],"is":[9,77,137],"still":[10],"difficult":[11,78],"and":[12,20,34,44,60,92,120,128,194,221,245],"existing":[13],"methods":[14,24],"have":[15],"to":[16,27,53,82,113,153,165,178,213],"trade-off":[17],"between":[18],"speed":[19],"quality.":[21],"3DMM":[22],"based":[23],"often":[25],"fail":[26],"model":[28,83,119,136],"non-facial":[29],"structures":[30,186],"such":[31,191],"as":[32,172,174,192],"eyeglasses":[33,193],"hairstyles,":[35],"while":[36],"neural":[37],"implicit":[38],"models":[39],"suffer":[40],"from":[41],"deformation":[42],"inflexibility":[43],"rendering":[45],"inefficiency.":[46],"Although":[47],"3D":[48,65,80,122,151,215],"Gaussian":[49,66,81,123,216],"has":[50],"been":[51],"demonstrated":[52],"possess":[54],"promising":[55],"capability":[56],"for":[57,79,103,124,150,217],"geometry":[58],"representation":[59,127,152,156,220],"radiance":[61],"field":[62],"reconstruction,":[63],"applying":[64],"in":[67,204,251],"creation":[70,107,227],"remains":[71],"a":[72,100,115,138,241,257],"major":[73],"challenge":[74],"since":[75],"it":[76,211],"the":[84,162,170,176,180,201,208,226,246],"shape":[86,118,135,203],"variations":[87],"caused":[88],"by":[89,167],"changing":[90],"poses":[91],"expressions.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"we":[97],"introduce":[98],"PSAvatar,":[99],"novel":[101],"framework":[102],"animatable":[104],"that":[108,233],"utilizes":[109],"discrete":[110],"geometric":[111],"primitive":[112],"create":[114],"parametric":[116,133],"morphable":[117,134],"employs":[121],"fine":[125,218],"detail":[126,219],"high":[129],"fidelity":[130],"rendering.":[131],"The":[132,158],"Point-based":[139],"Morphable":[140],"Shape":[141],"Model":[142],"(PMSM)":[143],"which":[144],"uses":[145],"points":[146,166,199],"instead":[147],"of":[148,182,228,240,243,259],"meshes":[149,177],"achieve":[154],"enhanced":[155],"flexibility.":[157],"PMSM":[159,209],"first":[160],"converts":[161],"FLAME":[163],"mesh":[164],"sampling":[168],"on":[169],"surfaces":[171],"well":[173],"off":[175],"enable":[179],"reconstruction":[181],"not":[183],"only":[184],"surface-like":[185],"but":[187],"also":[188],"complex":[189],"geometries":[190],"hairstyles.":[195],"By":[196],"aligning":[197],"these":[198],"with":[200],"an":[205],"analysis-by-synthesis":[206],"manner,":[207],"makes":[210],"possible":[212],"utilize":[214],"appearance":[222],"modeling,":[223],"thus":[224],"enabling":[225],"avatars.":[230],"We":[231],"show":[232],"PSAvatar":[234],"can":[235,248],"reconstruct":[236],"avatars":[239,247],"variety":[242],"subjects":[244],"be":[249],"animated":[250],"($\\ge$":[253],"25":[254],"fps":[255],"at":[256],"resolution":[258],"512":[260,262],"$\\times$":[261],").":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2024-01-26T00:00:00"}