{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390478903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.16815","title":"Emergence and Causality in Complex Systems: A Survey on Causal Emergence and Related Quantitative Studies","display_name":"Emergence and Causality in Complex Systems: A Survey on Causal Emergence and Related Quantitative Studies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390478903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.16815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.16815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.16815","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.16815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.16815","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060496984","display_name":"Bing Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8418-9274"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Bing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422948","display_name":"Jiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7402-7482"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104222792","display_name":"Aobo Lyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyu, Aobo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033853617","display_name":"Jiayun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-2723"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Jiayun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424178","display_name":"Zhipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-9170"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zhipeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101160090","display_name":"Mingzhe Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8905-6476"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Mingzhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101517984","display_name":"Kai-Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-1265"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Kaiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037580938","display_name":"Muyun Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6639-3136"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mou, Muyun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009228005","display_name":"Peng Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-8511"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui, Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060496984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9373000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality","display_name":"Causality (physics)","score":0.8638389110565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.6413232088088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.6144301295280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.530847430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.488562673330307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-decision-theory","display_name":"Causal decision theory","score":0.4839818477630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4828246533870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4754737913608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.4506705403327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-theory-of-reference","display_name":"Causal theory of reference","score":0.44549325108528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-reasoning","display_name":"Causal reasoning","score":0.43127235770225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.41605108976364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3894308805465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3693377375602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3435479700565338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2828931212425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11842989921569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09205973148345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.08982285857200623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8638389110565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.6413232088088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.6144301295280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.530847430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.488562673330307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83136003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054565","display_name":"Causal decision theory","level":5,"score":0.4839818477630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4828246533870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4754737913608551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4506705403327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116860108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054575","display_name":"Causal theory of reference","level":2,"score":0.44549325108528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115086926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004651","display_name":"Causal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.43127235770225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.41605108976364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3894308805465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3693377375602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3435479700565338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2828931212425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11842989921569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09205973148345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.08982285857200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135115379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2750514","display_name":"Decision engineering","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97944126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001864","display_name":"Business decision mapping","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.16815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.16815","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.16815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2312.16815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2312.16815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.16815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.16815","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.16815","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390478903.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731083227","https://openalex.org/W2626835333","https://openalex.org/W1600059215","https://openalex.org/W3184771105","https://openalex.org/W1967742185","https://openalex.org/W2997391570","https://openalex.org/W430436518","https://openalex.org/W1970695652","https://openalex.org/W85096291","https://openalex.org/W4212891128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emergence":[0],"and":[1,66,87,100,122,144,162],"causality":[2,39,71],"are":[3,12,95,135,165],"two":[4,64],"fundamental":[5],"concepts":[6,65],"for":[7,131],"understanding":[8],"complex":[9],"systems.":[10],"They":[11],"interconnected.":[13],"On":[14,35],"one":[15],"hand,":[16,38],"emergence":[17,58,99,121,134],"refers":[18],"to":[19,29,61,72],"the":[20,30,36,53,106,109,128,158,169,173],"phenomenon":[21],"where":[22],"macroscopic":[23],"properties":[24],"cannot":[25],"be":[26],"solely":[27],"attributed":[28],"cause":[31],"of":[32,55,70,81,89,111,153,172],"individual":[33],"properties.":[34],"other":[37],"can":[40,156],"exhibit":[41],"emergence,":[42],"meaning":[43],"that":[44,127],"new":[45],"causal":[46,90,98,120,133,138,141],"laws":[47],"may":[48],"arise":[49],"as":[50],"we":[51],"increase":[52],"level":[54],"abstraction.":[56],"Causal":[57],"theory":[59],"aims":[60],"bridge":[62],"these":[63,154],"even":[67],"employs":[68],"measures":[69],"quantify":[73],"emergence.":[74,91],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"provides":[77],"a":[78,117],"comprehensive":[79],"review":[80],"recent":[82],"advancements":[83],"in":[84,103,151,168],"quantitative":[85],"theories":[86],"applications":[88,161],"Two":[92],"key":[93],"problems":[94],"addressed:":[96],"quantifying":[97],"identifying":[101,132],"it":[102],"data.":[104],"Addressing":[105],"latter":[107],"requires":[108],"use":[110],"machine":[112],"learning":[113],"techniques,":[114],"thus":[115],"establishing":[116],"connection":[118],"between":[119],"artificial":[123],"intelligence.":[124],"We":[125],"highlighted":[126],"architectures":[129],"used":[130],"shared":[136],"by":[137],"representation":[139],"learning,":[140],"model":[142],"abstraction,":[143],"world":[145],"model-based":[146],"reinforcement":[147],"learning.":[148],"Consequently,":[149],"progress":[150],"any":[152],"areas":[155],"benefit":[157],"others.":[159],"Potential":[160],"future":[163],"perspectives":[164],"also":[166],"discussed":[167],"final":[170],"section":[171],"review.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}