{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387559592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.04992","title":"VisionFM: a Multi-Modal Multi-Task Vision Foundation Model for Generalist Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"VisionFM: a Multi-Modal Multi-Task Vision Foundation Model for Generalist Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387559592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.04992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2310.04992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.04992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.04992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.04992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071693446","display_name":"Jianing Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-3428"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Jianing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058887263","display_name":"Jian Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101974753","display_name":"Hao Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-8826"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066731960","display_name":"Peilun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4312-7182"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Peilun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034694262","display_name":"Minqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-0569"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Minqing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740927","display_name":"Yunyun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Yunyun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412901","display_name":"Lin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8014-8296"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075764624","display_name":"Hanruo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-124X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Hanruo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100622140","display_name":"Hongyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9444-3632"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Hongyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102566426","display_name":"Simeng Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hou, Simeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110305112","display_name":"Yuyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6565-9430"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Yuyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101813752","display_name":"Xue\u2010Hui Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-6856"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Xuehui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007312873","display_name":"Junfang Xian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2191-9393"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian, Junfang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058727034","display_name":"Xiaoxia Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-3521"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qu, Xiaoxia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101771996","display_name":"Sirui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0636-3788"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Sirui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109701716","display_name":"Lijie Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-8684"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan, Lijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038767511","display_name":"Xiaoniao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-4400"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Xiaoniao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032802874","display_name":"Xiao\u2010Jia Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-5465"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Xiaojia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054482344","display_name":"Shuai Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1235-6269"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039120969","display_name":"Kebing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8212-769X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Kebing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089538944","display_name":"Chenlong Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Chenlong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035644580","display_name":"Mingqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1607-8780"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Mingqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111461618","display_name":"Sujie Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3758-5594"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Sujie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111017189","display_name":"Jianhua Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-5955"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Jianhua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019780962","display_name":"Aiguo Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0920-6633"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lv, Aiguo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011503869","display_name":"Hui Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-9768"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao, Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078430508","display_name":"Guo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3911-6978"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658008","display_name":"Shujun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6139-6887"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Shujun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102566427","display_name":"Cheng Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei, Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100567569","display_name":"Xiaojuan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9453-9386"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Xiaojuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018846377","display_name":"Jianqin Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5304-5972"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei, Jianqin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000970597","display_name":"Ting Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei, Ting","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103051961","display_name":"Junguo Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7567-6038"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duan, Junguo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373926","display_name":"Chun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-2264"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068087395","display_name":"Xiaobo Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-3391"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia, Xiaobo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086764905","display_name":"Siqi Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-8198"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong, Siqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100782052","display_name":"Junhong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-6408"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Junhong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063187094","display_name":"Benny Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-108X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lo, Benny","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085096438","display_name":"Yih Chung Tham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-797X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tham, Yih Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072258594","display_name":"Tien Yin Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wong, Tien Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360133","display_name":"Ningli Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8933-4482"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Ningli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037528233","display_name":"Wu Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-519X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":42,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071693446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6855838298797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6386696100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.615086019039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5699931383132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.47070786356925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.46655720472335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44126856327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08950448036193848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6855838298797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6386696100234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.615086019039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5699931383132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.47070786356925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.46655720472335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44126856327056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08950448036193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2310.04992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.04992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.04992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.04992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.04992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2310.04992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.04992","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.04992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387559592.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W2413243053","https://openalex.org/W410723623","https://openalex.org/W2015341305","https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W3024479225","https://openalex.org/W3171371563","https://openalex.org/W2995680918","https://openalex.org/W3133954817","https://openalex.org/W3003847115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"VisionFM,":[2,200],"a":[3,16,31,89,100,139,144],"foundation":[4,32,140],"model":[5],"pre-trained":[6],"with":[7,59,63,75,160],"3.4":[8],"million":[9],"ophthalmic":[10,20,36,85,92,116,131,151,178,208,213],"images":[11],"from":[12,149],"560,457":[13],"individuals,":[14],"covering":[15],"broad":[17],"range":[18],"of":[19,50,71,199],"diseases,":[21],"modalities,":[22,132],"imaging":[23,136,152,179],"devices,":[24],"and":[25,45,53,56,66,77,104,125,135,154,175,218,232],"demography.":[26],"After":[27],"pre-training,":[28,171],"VisionFM":[29,72,108,121,142,236],"provides":[30],"to":[33,129,147,165,202],"foster":[34],"multiple":[35],"artificial":[37],"intelligence":[38,65,70],"(AI)":[39],"applications,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42,97,99,237],"disease":[43,47,51,57,93,133],"screening":[44],"diagnosis,":[46],"prognosis,":[48],"subclassification":[49],"phenotype,":[52],"systemic":[54],"biomarker":[55],"prediction,":[58],"each":[60],"application":[61],"enhanced":[62],"expert-level":[64],"accuracy.":[67],"The":[68,115],"generalist":[69],"outperformed":[73,109],"ophthalmologists":[74],"basic":[76],"intermediate":[78],"levels":[79],"in":[80,163,220,229],"jointly":[81],"diagnosing":[82],"12":[83],"common":[84],"diseases.":[86],"Evaluated":[87],"on":[88,206],"new":[90,101,130],"large-scale":[91,102],"diagnosis":[94],"benchmark":[95,106],"database,":[96,107],"well":[98],"segmentation":[103],"detection":[105],"strong":[110,127],"baseline":[111],"deep":[112],"neural":[113],"networks.":[114],"image":[117],"representations":[118],"learned":[119],"by":[120],"exhibited":[122],"noteworthy":[123],"explainability,":[124],"demonstrated":[126,219],"generalizability":[128],"spectrum,":[134],"devices.":[137],"As":[138],"model,":[141],"has":[143],"large":[145],"capacity":[146],"learn":[148],"diverse":[150],"data":[153,168,186],"disparate":[155],"datasets.":[156],"To":[157],"be":[158,227],"commensurate":[159],"this":[161,221],"capacity,":[162],"addition":[164],"the":[166,195,212,238],"real":[167],"used":[169],"for":[170],"we":[172],"also":[173,193],"generated":[174],"leveraged":[176],"synthetic":[177,185],"data.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"results":[182],"revealed":[183],"that":[184,187],"passed":[188],"visual":[189],"Turing":[190],"tests,":[191],"can":[192,226],"enhance":[194],"representation":[196],"learning":[197],"capability":[198],"leading":[201],"substantial":[203,223],"performance":[204],"gains":[205],"downstream":[207],"AI":[209,214],"tasks.":[210],"Beyond":[211],"applications":[215,225],"developed,":[216],"validated,":[217],"work,":[222],"further":[224],"achieved":[228],"an":[230],"efficient":[231],"cost-effective":[233],"manner":[234],"using":[235],"foundation.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}