{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362514994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.18190","title":"Assessing Language Model Deployment with Risk Cards","display_name":"Assessing Language Model Deployment with Risk Cards","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362514994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.18190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.18190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.18190","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.18190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.18190","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024746221","display_name":"Leon Derczynski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-3431"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derczynski, Leon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051050719","display_name":"Hannah Rose Kirk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-5993"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirk, Hannah Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012491878","display_name":"Vidhisha Balachandran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0465-0098"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balachandran, Vidhisha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090500943","display_name":"Sachin Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-2156"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar, Sachin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062910836","display_name":"Yulia Tsvetkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4634-7128"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsvetkov, Yulia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032408800","display_name":"Mark Leiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-8425"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leiser, M. R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033684482","display_name":"Saif M. Mohammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-7516"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad, Saif","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9412999749183655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9412999749183655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9261999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7112520933151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6963339447975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5964503288269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.5822168588638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5185242891311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5058379173278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4462774395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.44335752725601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4351543188095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4286484122276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-journalism","display_name":"Citizen journalism","score":0.41506415605545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.41158750653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3442802429199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.2605932056903839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23136413097381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.19465860724449158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18810060620307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12073510885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11612394452095032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7112520933151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6963339447975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5964503288269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5822168588638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5185242891311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5058379173278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4462774395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.44335752725601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4351543188095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4286484122276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.41506415605545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.41158750653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3442802429199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2605932056903839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23136413097381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.19465860724449158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18810060620307922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12073510885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11612394452095032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.18190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.18190","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.18190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/524add27-2c89-4a4d-bcf5-ebbfd459d479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/524add27-2c89-4a4d-bcf5-ebbfd459d479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Derczynski , L , Kirk , H R , Balachandran , V , Kumar , S , Tsvetkov , Y , Leiser , M R & Mohammad , S 2023 ' Assessing Language Model Deployment with Risk Cards ' .","raw_type":"workingPaper"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2303.18190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.18190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.18190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.18190","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.18190","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362514994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4362514994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953205341","https://openalex.org/W235065745","https://openalex.org/W2029935773","https://openalex.org/W2787754950","https://openalex.org/W1572215850","https://openalex.org/W1985775355","https://openalex.org/W2352115286","https://openalex.org/W2084793300","https://openalex.org/W2476350415","https://openalex.org/W4256172809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"RiskCards,":[3],"a":[4,62,112,148,156,161,197,204,212,220,233,243],"framework":[5,106,150],"for":[6,93,107,135,151,170],"structured":[7],"assessment":[8],"and":[9,47,90,96,122,128,181,193,230,246],"documentation":[10,91],"of":[11,17,45,65,77,87,111,155,200,209,228,249],"risks":[12,117,136,229],"associated":[13],"with":[14,21],"an":[15,43],"application":[16,238],"language":[18,27,39,66,81,158],"models.":[19],"As":[20],"all":[22],"language,":[23],"text":[24],"generated":[25,57],"by":[26,80,146],"models":[28,121],"can":[29],"be":[30,133,190],"harmful,":[31],"or":[32,51,236],"used":[33],"to":[34,55,69,137,173,189,232,242],"bring":[35],"about":[36],"harm.":[37],"Automating":[38],"generation":[40],"adds":[41],"both":[42],"element":[44],"scale":[46],"also":[48],"more":[49],"subtle":[50],"emergent":[52],"undesirable":[53],"tendencies":[54],"the":[56,109,153,168,171,226,250],"text.":[58],"Prior":[59],"work":[60],"establishes":[61],"wide":[63],"variety":[64],"model":[67,159,217,235],"harms":[68,78,231],"many":[70],"different":[71],"actors:":[72],"existing":[73],"taxonomies":[74],"identify":[75],"categories":[76],"posed":[79],"models;":[82],"benchmarks":[83],"establish":[84],"automated":[85],"tests":[86],"these":[88],"harms;":[89],"standards":[92],"models,":[94],"tasks":[95],"datasets":[97],"encourage":[98],"transparent":[99],"reporting.":[100],"However,":[101],"there":[102],"is":[103],"no":[104],"risk-centric":[105],"documenting":[108],"complexity":[110],"landscape":[113],"in":[114,160,178],"which":[115,210,224],"some":[116],"are":[118,126,187],"shared":[119,247],"across":[120],"contexts,":[123],"while":[124],"others":[125],"specific,":[127],"where":[129],"certain":[130],"conditions":[131],"may":[132],"required":[134],"manifest":[138,174],"as":[139],"harms.":[140],"RiskCards":[141,186,201,218],"address":[142],"this":[143],"methodological":[144],"gap":[145],"providing":[147],"generic":[149],"assessing":[152],"use":[154],"given":[157,162],"scenario.":[163],"Each":[164],"RiskCard":[165],"makes":[166],"clear":[167],"routes":[169],"risk":[172,214,251],"harm,":[175],"their":[176],"placement":[177],"harm":[179],"taxonomies,":[180],"example":[182],"prompt-output":[183],"pairs.":[184],"While":[185],"designed":[188],"open-source,":[191],"dynamic":[192],"participatory,":[194],"we":[195],"present":[196],"\"starter":[198],"set\"":[199],"taken":[202],"from":[203],"broad":[205],"literature":[206],"survey,":[207],"each":[208],"details":[211],"concrete":[213],"presentation.":[215],"Language":[216],"initiate":[219],"community":[221],"knowledge":[222],"base":[223],"permits":[225],"mapping":[227],"specific":[234],"its":[237],"scenario,":[239],"ultimately":[240],"contributing":[241],"better,":[244],"safer":[245],"understanding":[248],"landscape.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}