{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361019484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.13592","title":"Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languages","display_name":"Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languages","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361019484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.13592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.13592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13592","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.13592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.13592","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036451886","display_name":"Zheng-Xin Yong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong, Zheng-Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102001980","display_name":"Ruochen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-6944"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Ruochen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059618221","display_name":"Jessica Zosa Forde","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Forde, Jessica Zosa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051093305","display_name":"Skyler Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0639-945X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Skyler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084836777","display_name":"Samuel Cahyawijaya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subramonian, Arjun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023995350","display_name":"Holy Lovenia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lovenia, Holy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002839718","display_name":"Lintang Sutawika","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cahyawijaya, Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048793278","display_name":"Jan Christian Blaise Cruz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winata, Genta Indra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002959656","display_name":"Long Phan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4322-6193"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sutawika, Lintang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054197543","display_name":"Yin Lin Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cruz, Jan Christian Blaise","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112924039","display_name":"Alham Fikri Aji","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Yin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Phan, Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phan, Long","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Garcia, Rowena","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garcia, Rowena","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Solorio, Thamar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solorio, Thamar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Aji, Alham Fikri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aji, Alham Fikri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036451886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7138663530349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamil","display_name":"Tamil","score":0.706741988658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-switching","display_name":"Code-switching","score":0.5943847894668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.57551509141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5628186464309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4843405485153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malay","display_name":"Malay","score":0.47891056537628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4225791096687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4180624485015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2530819773674011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7138663530349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140688305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5885","display_name":"Tamil","level":2,"score":0.706741988658905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.5943847894668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.57551509141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5628186464309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4843405485153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776938241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9237","display_name":"Malay","level":2,"score":0.47891056537628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4225791096687317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4180624485015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2530819773674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.13592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13592","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.13592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2303.13592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2303.13592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2303.13592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13592","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.13592","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361019484.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504746966","https://openalex.org/W3079964180","https://openalex.org/W4360853490","https://openalex.org/W282935141","https://openalex.org/W2102222526","https://openalex.org/W3189436399","https://openalex.org/W375642441","https://openalex.org/W2903473488","https://openalex.org/W4253184376","https://openalex.org/W4235233115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"code-mixing":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,20,58,176],"common":[4],"linguistic":[5],"practice":[6],"in":[7,45,57,68,111,140,165,181,195],"many":[8],"parts":[9],"of":[10,31,97,179],"the":[11,121,147,166],"world,":[12],"collecting":[13],"high-quality":[14],"and":[15,80,93,124,132],"low-cost":[16],"code-mixed":[17,47,63,113,182],"data":[18,64,183],"remains":[19],"challenge":[21],"for":[22,65,143,185],"natural":[23,133],"language":[24,125,145],"processing":[25],"(NLP)":[26],"research.":[27],"The":[28],"recent":[29],"proliferation":[30],"Large":[32],"Language":[33],"Models":[34],"(LLMs)":[35],"compels":[36],"one":[37],"to":[38,61],"ask:":[39],"how":[40],"capable":[41],"are":[42,95],"these":[43],"systems":[44],"generating":[46,112],"data?":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50,196],"paper,":[51],"we":[52,190],"explore":[53],"prompting":[54],"multilingual":[55,87,173],"LLMs":[56,174,194],"zero-shot":[59],"manner":[60],"generate":[62],"seven":[66],"languages":[67,162],"South":[69],"East":[70],"Asia":[71],"(SEA),":[72],"namely":[73],"Indonesian,":[74],"Malay,":[75],"Chinese,":[76],"Tagalog,":[77],"Vietnamese,":[78],"Tamil,":[79],"Singlish.":[81],"We":[82],"find":[83],"that":[84],"publicly":[85],"available":[86],"instruction-tuned":[88],"models":[89],"such":[90],"as":[91],"BLOOMZ":[92],"Flan-T5-XXL":[94],"incapable":[96],"producing":[98],"texts":[99,135],"with":[100],"phrases":[101],"or":[102,153],"clauses":[103],"from":[104],"different":[105],"languages.":[106,187],"ChatGPT":[107,129],"exhibits":[108],"inconsistent":[109],"capabilities":[110],"texts,":[114],"wherein":[115],"its":[116],"performance":[117],"varies":[118],"depending":[119],"on":[120,169],"prompt":[122],"template":[123],"pairing.":[126],"For":[127],"instance,":[128],"generates":[130],"fluent":[131],"Singlish":[134],"(an":[136],"English-based":[137],"creole":[138],"spoken":[139],"Singapore),":[141],"but":[142],"English-Tamil":[144],"pair,":[146],"system":[148],"mostly":[149],"produces":[150],"grammatically":[151],"incorrect":[152],"semantically":[154],"meaningless":[155],"utterances.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"it":[158],"may":[159],"erroneously":[160],"introduce":[161],"not":[163],"specified":[164],"prompt.":[167],"Based":[168],"our":[170],"investigation,":[171],"existing":[172],"exhibit":[175],"wide":[177],"range":[178],"proficiency":[180],"generation":[184],"SEA":[186],"As":[188],"such,":[189],"advise":[191],"against":[192],"using":[193],"context":[197],"without":[198],"extensive":[199],"human":[200],"checks.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
