{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309045131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.06044","title":"External-memory dictionaries with worst-case update cost","display_name":"External-memory dictionaries with worst-case update cost","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309045131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.06044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.06044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.06044","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.06044","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.06044","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020629410","display_name":"Rathish Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-6422"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Das, Rathish","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088852372","display_name":"John Iacono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8885-8172"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iacono, John","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050513868","display_name":"Yakov Nekrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-5088"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nekrich, Yakov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.7576234936714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amortized-analysis","display_name":"Amortized analysis","score":0.7384011149406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.6499464511871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-tree","display_name":"B-tree","score":0.5825151205062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-logarithm","display_name":"Binary logarithm","score":0.5702733993530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.563087522983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4902263283729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/running-time","display_name":"Running time","score":0.4674796760082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxiliary-memory","display_name":"Auxiliary memory","score":0.4294716715812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4202786684036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.41718244552612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3843250572681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3363887667655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20625177025794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.14699572324752808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.7576234936714172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142417499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331716","display_name":"Amortized analysis","level":3,"score":0.7384011149406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.6499464511871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78669399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677051","display_name":"B-tree","level":3,"score":0.5825151205062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63553672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581168","display_name":"Binary logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5702733993530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.563087522983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4902263283729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.4674796760082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82687282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Auxiliary memory","level":2,"score":0.4294716715812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4202786684036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.41718244552612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3843250572681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3363887667655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20625177025794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.14699572324752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.06044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.06044","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.06044","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.mtu.edu:michigantech-p-35941","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/16640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196391","display_name":"Digital Commons - Michigan Tech (Michigan Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11957088","host_organization_name":"Michigan Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11957088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Michigan Tech Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/360482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/360482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: 33rd International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/360483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/360483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv.org, abs/2211.06044","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2211.06044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2211.06044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2211.06044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2211.06044","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2211.06044","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006811735","https://openalex.org/W2964260809","https://openalex.org/W2034114460","https://openalex.org/W2113270940","https://openalex.org/W1983377344","https://openalex.org/W2003754801","https://openalex.org/W2004283824","https://openalex.org/W2777026024","https://openalex.org/W8290509","https://openalex.org/W3200792534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"$B^\u03b5$-tree":[1,64,93,112],"[Brodal":[2],"and":[3,36,53],"Fagerberg":[4],"2003]":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,23,108],"simple":[8],"I/O-efficient":[9],"external-memory-model":[10],"data":[11],"structure":[12],"that":[13,97,118],"supports":[14],"updates":[15],"orders":[16],"of":[17,110],"magnitude":[18],"faster":[19],"than":[20,42,101],"B-tree":[21],"with":[22,95,113],"query":[24],"performance":[25,90],"comparable":[26],"to":[27,121],"the":[28,46,63,70,76,88,92,111,122],"B-tree:":[29],"for":[30,45],"any":[31],"positive":[32],"constant":[33],"$\u03b5<1$":[34],"insertions":[35],"deletions":[37],"take":[38,50,59],"$O(\\frac{1}{B^{1-\u03b5}}\\log_{B}N)$":[39],"time":[40,44,52],"(rather":[41],"$O(\\log_BN)$":[43,51],"classic":[47],"B-tree),":[48],"queries":[49,55],"range":[54],"returning":[56],"$k$":[57],"items":[58],"$O(\\log_BN+\\frac{k}{B})$":[60],"time.":[61],"Although":[62],"has":[65,87],"an":[66],"optimal":[67],"update/query":[68],"tradeoff,":[69],"runtimes":[71,96],"are":[72,98,119],"amortized.":[73,102],"Another":[74],"structure,":[75],"write-optimized":[77],"skip":[78],"list,":[79],"introduced":[80],"by":[81],"Bender":[82],"et":[83],"al.":[84],"[PODS":[85],"2017],":[86],"same":[89],"as":[91],"but":[94],"randomized":[99],"rather":[100],"In":[103],"this":[104],"paper,":[105],"we":[106],"present":[107],"variant":[109],"deterministic":[114],"worst-case":[115],"running":[116,125],"times":[117],"identical":[120],"original's":[123],"amortized":[124],"times.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}