{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291960964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06079","title":"Character decomposition to resolve class imbalance problem in Hangul OCR","display_name":"Character decomposition to resolve class imbalance problem in Hangul OCR","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291960964","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.06079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.06079","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.06079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.06079","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082137761","display_name":"Geonuk Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Geonuk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106405409","display_name":"Jaemin Son","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Son, Jaemin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000747744","display_name":"Kanghyu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4032-7094"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Kanghyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005935646","display_name":"Jaesik Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-0637"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min, Jaesik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.958299994468689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hangul","display_name":"Hangul","score":0.9887216091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grapheme","display_name":"Grapheme","score":0.7821459770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.7351218461990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7190729379653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4982566833496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4974248707294464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.48969724774360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46825680136680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4610293507575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.45581358671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.45363765954971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4012700617313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1286604106426239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554519600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8222","display_name":"Hangul","level":2,"score":0.9887216091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776779415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2545446","display_name":"Grapheme","level":3,"score":0.7821459770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7351218461990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7190729379653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4982566833496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4974248707294464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.48969724774360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46825680136680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4610293507575989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.45581358671188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.45363765954971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4012700617313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1286604106426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.06079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.06079","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.06079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2208.06079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2208.06079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2208.06079","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.06079","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789087317","https://openalex.org/W2376138067","https://openalex.org/W2400456636","https://openalex.org/W3026620108","https://openalex.org/W2018304931","https://openalex.org/W2542871675","https://openalex.org/W2548218270","https://openalex.org/W931700599","https://openalex.org/W4291960964","https://openalex.org/W110617377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,14,31,48,57],"novel":[3],"approach":[4,102],"to":[5],"OCR(Optical":[6],"Character":[7],"Recognition)":[8],"of":[9,33,40,47,60,107],"Korean":[10],"character,":[11],"Hangul.":[12],"As":[13,36],"phonogram,":[15],"Hangul":[16,95,108],"can":[17],"represent":[18],"11,172":[19],"different":[20],"characters":[21,42,61,75],"with":[22,30],"only":[23,89],"52":[24],"graphemes,":[25],"by":[26],"describing":[27],"each":[28],"character":[29],"combination":[32],"the":[34,37,41,45,51,71,77],"graphemes.":[35],"total":[38],"number":[39],"could":[43],"overwhelm":[44],"capacity":[46],"neural":[49],"network,":[50],"existing":[52],"OCR":[53],"encoding":[54,86],"methods":[55],"pre-define":[56],"smaller":[58],"set":[59],"that":[62,84,100],"are":[63],"frequently":[64],"used.":[65],"This":[66],"design":[67],"choice":[68],"naturally":[69],"compromises":[70],"performance":[72],"on":[73],"long-tailed":[74],"in":[76],"distribution.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"work,":[81],"we":[82],"demonstrate":[83],"grapheme":[85],"is":[87],"not":[88],"efficient":[90],"but":[91],"also":[92],"performant":[93],"for":[94],"OCR.":[96],"Benchmark":[97],"tests":[98],"show":[99],"our":[101],"resolves":[103],"two":[104],"main":[105],"problems":[106],"OCR:":[109],"class":[110,114],"imbalance":[111],"and":[112],"target":[113],"selection.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}