{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283370411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.11062","title":"Answer Fast: Accelerating BERT on the Tensor Streaming Processor","display_name":"Answer Fast: Accelerating BERT on the Tensor Streaming Processor","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283370411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.11062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.11062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.11062","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.11062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.11062","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104081888","display_name":"Ibrahim Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-5152"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed, Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045208518","display_name":"Sahil Parmar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parmar, Sahil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013209064","display_name":"Matthew Boyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2997-5090"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyd, Matthew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027331427","display_name":"Michael Beidler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beidler, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075070812","display_name":"Kris Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Kris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028312498","display_name":"Bill Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-1598"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Bill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018000797","display_name":"Kyle Roach","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roach, Kyle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100698124","display_name":"John Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-3891"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, John","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015385537","display_name":"Dennis Abts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7108-9013"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abts, Dennis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104081888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12303","display_name":"Tensor decomposition and applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2605","display_name":"Computational Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7648165225982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6429988145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6034629344940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.5775018930435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5216660499572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.463363379240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4416927695274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3918774127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3374282419681549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3367658853530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32303571701049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27081194519996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.22001364827156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10201019048690796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7648165225982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6429988145828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6034629344940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.5775018930435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5216660499572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.463363379240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4416927695274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3918774127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3374282419681549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3367658853530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32303571701049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27081194519996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.22001364827156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10201019048690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.11062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.11062","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.11062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2206.11062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.11062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.11062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.11062","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.11062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283370411.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283370411.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176018525","https://openalex.org/W2903533908","https://openalex.org/W2903810591","https://openalex.org/W4289548192","https://openalex.org/W3026554633","https://openalex.org/W2888520903","https://openalex.org/W2949454572","https://openalex.org/W2952599318","https://openalex.org/W2890256614","https://openalex.org/W3066373881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transformers":[0],"have":[1],"become":[2,83],"a":[3,129,137],"predominant":[4],"machine":[5,45],"learning":[6],"workload,":[7],"they":[8,21],"are":[9,22,40,117],"not":[10],"only":[11],"the":[12,37,64,67,84,94,100,108,112,122,147],"de-facto":[13],"standard":[14],"for":[15,136],"natural":[16],"language":[17],"processing":[18],"tasks,":[19],"but":[20],"also":[23,75],"being":[24],"deployed":[25],"in":[26,128],"other":[27],"domains":[28],"such":[29,43],"as":[30,44],"vision":[31],"and":[32,47],"speech":[33],"recognition.":[34],"Many":[35],"of":[36,66,96,133],"transformer-based":[38],"applications":[39],"real-time":[41],"systems":[42,53],"translation":[46],"web":[48],"search.":[49],"These":[50],"real":[51],"time":[52],"often":[54],"come":[55],"with":[56,111],"strict":[57],"end-to-end":[58],"inference":[59,95,139],"latency":[60,132],"requirements.":[61],"Unfortunately,":[62],"while":[63],"majority":[65],"transformer":[68],"computation":[69],"comes":[70],"from":[71],"matrix":[72,113,124],"multiplications,":[73],"transformers":[74],"include":[76],"several":[77],"non-linear":[78],"components":[79,110],"that":[80],"tend":[81],"to":[82,119],"bottleneck":[85],"during":[86],"an":[87],"inference.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"work,":[91],"we":[92,116],"accelerate":[93],"BERT":[97],"models":[98],"on":[99],"tensor":[101],"streaming":[102],"processor.":[103],"By":[104],"carefully":[105],"fusing":[106],"all":[107],"nonlinear":[109],"multiplication":[114,125],"components,":[115],"able":[118],"efficiently":[120],"utilize":[121],"on-chip":[123],"units":[126],"resulting":[127],"deterministic":[130],"tail":[131],"130":[134],"$\u03bc$s":[135],"batch-1":[138],"through":[140],"BERT-base,":[141],"which":[142],"is":[143],"6X":[144],"faster":[145],"than":[146],"current":[148],"state-of-the-art.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
