{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281765689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13636","title":"Quark: Controllable Text Generation with Reinforced Unlearning","display_name":"Quark: Controllable Text Generation with Reinforced Unlearning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281765689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.13636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13636","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13636","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13636","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102930940","display_name":"Ximing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-4573"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Ximing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019030424","display_name":"Sean Welleck","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Welleck, Sean","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043614405","display_name":"Jack Hessel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4012-8979"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hessel, Jack","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049904411","display_name":"Liwei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-2509"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Liwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090149660","display_name":"Lianhui Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin, Lianhui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112759123","display_name":"Peter West","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"West, Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029637639","display_name":"Prithviraj Ammanabrolu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-0454"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammanabrolu, Prithviraj","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102992157","display_name":"Yejin Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-5378"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, Yejin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102930940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6943842172622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.6832876205444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6538468599319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5981219410896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5520329475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.479672908782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repetition","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","score":0.4702046513557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.46007969975471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43597424030303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiom","display_name":"Axiom","score":0.43320319056510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.4201757311820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1499679982662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1059141755104065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6943842172622681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.6832876205444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6538468599319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5981219410896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5520329475402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.479672908782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","level":2,"score":0.4702046513557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.46007969975471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43597424030303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.43320319056510925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.4201757311820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1499679982662201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1059141755104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.13636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13636","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13636","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2205.13636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.13636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.13636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.13636","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.13636","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W3213194066","https://openalex.org/W4287020359","https://openalex.org/W268355439","https://openalex.org/W2967125893","https://openalex.org/W4385323698","https://openalex.org/W2385362579","https://openalex.org/W2380993274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"language":[1,45,90,111,119,137,195],"models":[2],"often":[3],"learn":[4],"behaviors":[5],"that":[6,67,156,173],"are":[7],"misaligned":[8],"with":[9,87,100],"user":[10],"expectations.":[11],"Generated":[12],"text":[13,155],"may":[14],"contain":[15,20],"offensive":[16],"or":[17,23],"toxic":[18],"language,":[19],"significant":[21],"repetition,":[22,169],"be":[24],"of":[25,38,49,159],"a":[26,64,105,117,140,146],"different":[27],"sentiment":[28],"than":[29],"desired":[30],"by":[31,42,104],"the":[32,36,44,78,88,110,135,152,160],"user.":[33],"We":[34,54],"consider":[35],"task":[37],"unlearning":[39,164],"these":[40],"misalignments":[41],"fine-tuning":[43],"model":[46,138,153],"on":[47,98,122,128,145,193],"signals":[48],"what":[50],"not":[51,73],"to":[52,109],"do.":[53],"introduce":[55],"Quantized":[56],"Reward":[57],"Konditioning":[58],"(Quark),":[59],"an":[60,69],"algorithm":[61],"for":[62],"optimizing":[63],"reward":[65,106,130],"function":[66],"quantifies":[68],"(un)wanted":[70],"property,":[71],"while":[72,132,190],"straying":[74],"too":[75],"far":[76],"from":[77,124],"original":[79,136],"model.":[80],"Quark":[81,174],"alternates":[82],"between":[83],"(i)":[84],"collecting":[85],"samples":[86,123],"current":[89],"model,":[91],"(ii)":[92],"sorting":[93],"them":[94],"into":[95],"quantiles":[96],"based":[97],"reward,":[99],"each":[101,125],"quantile":[102,126],"identified":[103],"token":[107,148],"prepended":[108],"model's":[112],"input,":[113],"and":[114,168,179],"(iii)":[115],"using":[116],"standard":[118,194],"modeling":[120,196],"loss":[121],"conditioned":[127],"its":[129],"token,":[131],"remaining":[133],"nearby":[134],"via":[139],"KL-divergence":[141],"penalty.":[142],"By":[143],"conditioning":[144],"high-reward":[147],"at":[149],"generation":[150],"time,":[151],"generates":[154],"exhibits":[157],"less":[158],"unwanted":[161],"property.":[162],"For":[163],"toxicity,":[165],"negative":[166],"sentiment,":[167],"our":[170],"experiments":[171],"show":[172],"outperforms":[175],"both":[176],"strong":[177],"baselines":[178],"state-of-the-art":[180],"reinforcement":[181],"learning":[182],"methods":[183],"like":[184],"PPO":[185],"(Schulman":[186],"et":[187],"al.":[188],"2017),":[189],"relying":[191],"only":[192],"primitives.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}