{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408227232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419","title":"Differential Cryptanalysis of the Reduced Pointer Authentication Code Function Used in Arm\u2019s FEAT_PACQARMA3 Feature","display_name":"Differential Cryptanalysis of the Reduced Pointer Authentication Code Function Used in Arm\u2019s FEAT_PACQARMA3 Feature","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408227232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/12082/11922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/12082/11922","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111606942","display_name":"Roberto Avanzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Avanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caesarea Rothschild Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caesarea Rothschild Institute, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065467078","display_name":"Orr Dunkelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orr Dunkelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056652680","display_name":"Shibam Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-1681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibam Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Inria, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Inria, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02460844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":"380","last_page":"419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.6694999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.6694999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.6477000117301941,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.7095428109169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.6049720048904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5890398621559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","score":0.474359393119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4602550268173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4527474045753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.452247679233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.31477394700050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26577329635620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2409020960330963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17422249913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.1698678433895111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.05781254172325134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.7095428109169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.6049720048904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5890398621559143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36123800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224471","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.474359393119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4602550268173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4527474045753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.452247679233551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.31477394700050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26577329635620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2409020960330963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17422249913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.1698678433895111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.05781254172325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/12082/11922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05519460v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-05519460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, 2025, 2025 (1), pp.380-419. ⟨10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c2dddc253c744d4887f72437359907a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c2dddc253c744d4887f72437359907a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, Vol 2025, Iss 1 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2025.i1.380-419","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/12082/11922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408227232.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2220190322","https://openalex.org/W2786560893","https://openalex.org/W2541280449","https://openalex.org/W143650379","https://openalex.org/W4378376555","https://openalex.org/W2029757762","https://openalex.org/W2390821355","https://openalex.org/W4387485962","https://openalex.org/W1907974733","https://openalex.org/W3032310713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,166],"Pointer":[1],"Authentication":[2],"Code":[3,15],"(PAC)":[4],"feature":[5,106,230],"in":[6,126],"the":[7,14,32,36,58,105,111,141,144,174,180,199,221,229,233,238,246,258,270,275,282],"Arm":[8],"architecture":[9],"is":[10,80,117],"used":[11,280],"to":[12,56,72,92,120,128,182,194,220],"enforce":[13],"Flow":[16],"Integrity":[17],"(CFI)":[18],"of":[19,35,84,90,104,134,140,146,150,173,228,249,262,277,285],"running":[20],"programs.":[21],"It":[22],"does":[23],"so":[24],"by":[25],"generating":[26],"a":[27,87,108],"short":[28],"MAC":[29,251],"\u2014":[30,34],"called":[31],"PAC":[33,77,79,175,211,222],"return":[37],"address":[38],"and":[39,47,96,123,196],"some":[40,226],"additional":[41,66],"context":[42],"information":[43],"upon":[44,50],"function":[45,177],"entry,":[46],"checking":[48],"it":[49],"exit.":[51],"An":[52],"attacker":[53],"that":[54,187,225,269],"wants":[55],"overwrite":[57],"stack":[59],"with":[60,281],"manipulated":[61],"addresses":[62],"now":[63,70],"faces":[64],"an":[65,147],"hurdle,":[67],"as":[68,86,158],"they":[69],"have":[71],"guess,":[73],"forge,":[74],"or":[75],"reuse":[76],"values.":[78],"deployed":[81],"on":[82,209,257],"billions":[83],"devices":[85],"first":[88],"line":[89],"defense":[91],"harden":[93],"system":[94],"software":[95,100],"complex":[97],"programs":[98],"against":[99],"exploitation.The":[101],"original":[102,239],"version":[103,110,149],"uses":[107],"12-round":[109],"QARMA-64":[112,278],"block":[113,254],"cipher.":[114],"output":[116],"then":[118],"truncated":[119,200,253,266],"between":[121],"3":[122],"32":[124],"bits,":[125],"order":[127],"be":[129],"inserted":[130],"into":[131,245],"unused":[132],"bits":[133,191],"64-bit":[135],"pointers.":[136],"A":[137],"later":[138],"revision":[139],"specification":[142],"allows":[143],"use":[145],"8-round":[148],"QARMA-64.":[151],"This":[152,241],"reduction":[153],"may":[154],"introduce":[155],"vulnerabilities":[156],"such":[157],"high-probability":[159],"distinguishers,":[160],"potentially":[161],"enabling":[162],"key":[163],"recovery":[164],"attacks.":[165],"present":[167,206],"paper":[168],"explores":[169],"this":[170],"avenue.A":[171],"cryptanalysis":[172],"computation":[176],"entails":[178],"restricting":[179],"inputs":[181],"valid":[183],"virtual":[184],"addresses,":[185],"meaning":[186],"certain":[188],"most":[189],"significant":[190],"are":[192],"fixed":[193],"zero,":[195],"considering":[197],"only":[198],"output.":[201],"Within":[202],"these":[203],"constraints,":[204],"we":[205],"practical":[207,247],"attacks":[208],"various":[210],"configurations.":[212],"These":[213],"attacks,":[214],"while":[215],"not":[216,273],"presenting":[217],"immediate":[218],"threat":[219],"mechanism,":[223],"show":[224],"versions":[227],"do":[231,272],"miss":[232],"security":[234,248,276],"targets":[235],"made":[236],"for":[237,287],"function.":[240],"offers":[242],"new":[243],"insights":[244],"constructing":[250],"from":[252,265],"ciphers,":[255],"expanding":[256],"mostly":[259],"theoretical":[260],"understanding":[261],"creating":[263],"PRFs":[264],"PRPs.We":[267],"note":[268],"results":[271],"affect":[274],"when":[279],"recommended":[283],"number":[284],"rounds":[286],"general":[288],"purpose":[289],"applications.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}