{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392387121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187","title":"Improved Meet-in-the-Middle Nostradamus Attacks on AES-like Hashing","display_name":"Improved Meet-in-the-Middle Nostradamus Attacks on AES-like Hashing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392387121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11405/10903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11405/10903","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038484143","display_name":"Xiaoyang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-6013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090956","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4qwj68","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090956"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, P.O.Box 5159, Beijing, 100878, China; Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China; Shandong Institute of Blockchain, Jinan, China","State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, P.O.Box 5159, Beijing, 100878, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","Shandong Institute of Blockchain, Jinan, China","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, P.O.Box 5159, Beijing, 100878, China; Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China; Shandong Institute of Blockchain, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, P.O.Box 5159, Beijing, 100878, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Institute of Blockchain, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087072308","display_name":"Jian Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442637","display_name":"Shun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7663-8321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cryptology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","School of Cryptology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cryptology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cryptology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017946998","display_name":"Phuong Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5806-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phuong Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425853","display_name":"Tianyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-4015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038484143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090956","https://openalex.org/I4210132990","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48459058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":"1","first_page":"158","last_page":"187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49039554595947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46505436301231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.45912066102027893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49039554595947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46505436301231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.45912066102027893}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11405/10903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:30b267b2f0a44715852dfdced3073970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/30b267b2f0a44715852dfdced3073970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, Vol 2024, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/178394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/178394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.158-187","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11405/10903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2245778657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0704701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G384178317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"02008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4480830051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4488680036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A15","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5375606191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019B030302008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6330607538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033253288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392387121.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41296744","https://openalex.org/W176284333","https://openalex.org/W1513957952","https://openalex.org/W1549228503","https://openalex.org/W1566855226","https://openalex.org/W1567888865","https://openalex.org/W1600432225","https://openalex.org/W1775977576","https://openalex.org/W1792392373","https://openalex.org/W2033154378","https://openalex.org/W2094908058","https://openalex.org/W2096050004","https://openalex.org/W2110322033","https://openalex.org/W2121981260","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2284942299","https://openalex.org/W2768738052","https://openalex.org/W2768789137","https://openalex.org/W2768897317","https://openalex.org/W2791380930","https://openalex.org/W2810107561","https://openalex.org/W2953747958","https://openalex.org/W2991519650","https://openalex.org/W2997945825","https://openalex.org/W3009304466","https://openalex.org/W3013100524","https://openalex.org/W3022251986","https://openalex.org/W3091366409","https://openalex.org/W3104450852","https://openalex.org/W3159710217","https://openalex.org/W3191136760","https://openalex.org/W3203547317","https://openalex.org/W4250498021","https://openalex.org/W4309178131","https://openalex.org/W4312345595","https://openalex.org/W4320082947","https://openalex.org/W4381435811","https://openalex.org/W4385654257","https://openalex.org/W4389858254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Nostradamus":[1,141],"attack":[2,67,92,113,142,188],"was":[3],"originally":[4],"proposed":[5,137],"as":[6],"a":[7,11,28,43,53,65,115,174],"security":[8],"vulnerability":[9],"for":[10,212],"hash":[12,29,35],"function":[13,36,76],"by":[14],"Kelsey":[15,61,110],"and":[16,62,84,96,111,149,194,207],"Kohno":[17,63],"at":[18],"EUROCRYPT":[19],"2006.":[20],"It":[21],"requires":[22],"the":[23,47,74,82,88,119,138,160,165,180,186,204,209,213,217],"attacker":[24],"to":[25,27,51,126,159,173],"commit":[26],"value":[30],"y":[31],"of":[32,73,77,87,101],"an":[33],"iterated":[34],"H.":[37],"Subsequently,":[38],"upon":[39],"being":[40],"provided":[41],"with":[42],"message":[44],"prefix":[45],"P,":[46],"adversary\u2019s":[48],"task":[49],"is":[50],"identify":[52],"suffix":[54],"S":[55],"such":[56],"that":[57],"H(P\u2225S)":[58],"equals":[59],"y.":[60],"demonstrated":[64],"herding":[66],"requiring":[68],"O(\u221an":[69,123],"\u00b7":[70,124,129],"22n/3)":[71,125],"evaluations":[72],"compression":[75],"H,":[78],"where":[79],"n":[80],"represents":[81],"output":[83],"state":[85],"size":[86],"hash,":[89],"placing":[90],"this":[91,153],"between":[93],"preimage":[94],"attacks":[95],"collision":[97],"searches":[98],"in":[99,146,176,191,203,216],"terms":[100],"complexity.":[102],"At":[103,131],"ASIACRYPT":[104],"2022,":[105],"Benedikt":[106],"et":[107,135],"al.":[108,136],"transform":[109],"Kohno\u2019s":[112],"into":[114,164],"quantum":[116,150,195,218],"variant,":[117],"decreasing":[118],"time":[120,177,189,210],"complexity":[121,178,190,211],"from":[122],"O(":[127],"3\u221an":[128],"23n/7).":[130],"ToSC":[132],"2023,":[133],"Zhang":[134],"first":[139],"dedicated":[140],"on":[143],"AES-like":[144],"hashing":[145],"both":[147,192],"classical":[148,193,205],"settings.":[151],"In":[152],"paper,":[154],"we":[155,198],"have":[156],"made":[157],"revisions":[158],"multi-target":[161],"technique":[162],"incorporated":[163],"meet-in-the-middle":[166],"automatic":[167],"search":[168],"framework.":[169],"This":[170],"modification":[171],"leads":[172],"decrease":[175],"during":[179],"online":[181],"linking":[182],"phase,":[183],"effectively":[184],"reducing":[185],"overall":[187],"scenarios.":[196],"Specifically,":[197],"can":[199],"achieve":[200],"more":[201],"rounds":[202],"setting":[206],"reduce":[208],"same":[214],"round":[215],"setting.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}