{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392387351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134","title":"Small Stretch Problem of the DCT Scheme and How to Fix It","display_name":"Small Stretch Problem of the DCT Scheme and How to Fix It","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392387351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11403/10901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11403/10901","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101735962","display_name":"Yuchao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-9788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuchao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990","https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959467","display_name":"Tingting Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4838-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Data Hub and Security, Zhejiang lab, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Data Hub and Security, Zhejiang lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101636719","display_name":"Lei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-8450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101150141","display_name":"Lina Shang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194716290","display_name":"China Academy of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025397a59","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194716290","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Star Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Star Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194716290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053448252","display_name":"Shuping Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuping Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Defense, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396076","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8003-4686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cryptology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cryptology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101735962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455","https://openalex.org/I4210132990","https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03297551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":"1","first_page":"114","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13370","display_name":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","score":0.040300000458955765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13370","display_name":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","score":0.040300000458955765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.7369762659072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.5882198810577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5035709738731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3257102966308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2923482656478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06826093792915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.05369123816490173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7369762659072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.5882198810577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5035709738731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3257102966308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2923482656478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06826093792915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.05369123816490173}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11403/10901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0c2762feb6ac4c9589a747b284b6ba0e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0c2762feb6ac4c9589a747b284b6ba0e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, Vol 2024, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2024.i1.114-134","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11403/10901","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2148922514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0704704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5467697000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5653340552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0704702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6785854632","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2336207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7735407926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392387351.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504211573","https://openalex.org/W1514489116","https://openalex.org/W1528724153","https://openalex.org/W1535554763","https://openalex.org/W1551002274","https://openalex.org/W1598845251","https://openalex.org/W1655844021","https://openalex.org/W1855109561","https://openalex.org/W1985623009","https://openalex.org/W1993258060","https://openalex.org/W2022846558","https://openalex.org/W2106337617","https://openalex.org/W2138992486","https://openalex.org/W2139172211","https://openalex.org/W2170822045","https://openalex.org/W2406798186","https://openalex.org/W2478738560","https://openalex.org/W2489229370","https://openalex.org/W2577849411","https://openalex.org/W2604615625","https://openalex.org/W2613083948","https://openalex.org/W2950869347","https://openalex.org/W3030044402","https://openalex.org/W4211038677","https://openalex.org/W4249163505","https://openalex.org/W4312941325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1916685473","https://openalex.org/W2055682261","https://openalex.org/W2186390138","https://openalex.org/W1993363272","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2060035984","https://openalex.org/W2790129917","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2992856432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DCT":[0,25,51,115],"is":[1,31,66,129],"a":[2,54,69,82,118],"beyond-birthday-bound":[3],"(BBB)":[4],"deterministic":[5],"authenticated":[6],"encryption":[7],"(DAE)":[8],"mode":[9],"proposed":[10],"by":[11,20,40,81],"Forler":[12],"et":[13],"al.":[14],"in":[15,38],"ACISP":[16],"2016,":[17],"ensuring":[18],"integrity":[19],"redundancy.":[21],"The":[22],"instantiation":[23],"of":[24,43,78,105],"employs":[26],"the":[27,35,44,62,76,102,125,135],"BRW":[28],"polynomial,":[29],"which":[30,123],"more":[32],"efficient":[33],"than":[34],"usual":[36],"polynomial":[37],"GCM":[39],"reducing":[41],"half":[42],"multiplication":[45],"operations.":[46],"However,":[47],"we":[48,73,108],"show":[49],"that":[50,89],"suffers":[52],"from":[53],"small":[55,130],"stretch":[56,63],"problem":[57],"similar":[58],"to":[59,85,121],"GCM.":[60],"When":[61],"length":[64],"\u03c4":[65,128],"small,":[67],"choosing":[68],"special":[70],"m-block":[71],"message,":[72],"can":[74],"reduce":[75],"number":[77],"queries":[79],"required":[80],"successful":[83],"forgery":[84],"O(2\u03c4/m).":[86],"We":[87],"emphasize":[88],"this":[90],"attack":[91],"efficiently":[92],"balances":[93],"space":[94],"and":[95,131],"time":[96],"complexity":[97],"but":[98],"does":[99],"not":[100],"contradict":[101],"security":[103,126],"bounds":[104],"DCT.":[106],"Finally,":[107],"propose":[109],"an":[110],"improved":[111],"scheme":[112],"named":[113],"Robust":[114],"(RDCT)":[116],"with":[117],"minor":[119],"change":[120],"DCT,":[122],"improves":[124],"when":[127],"makes":[132],"it":[133],"resist":[134],"above":[136],"attack.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}