{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386844062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212","title":"A Cipher-Agnostic Neural Training Pipeline with Automated Finding of Good Input Differences","display_name":"A Cipher-Agnostic Neural Training Pipeline with Automated Finding of Good Input Differences","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386844062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11188/10630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11188/10630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084032744","display_name":"Emanuele Bellini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2349-0247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Bellini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048652347","display_name":"David G\u00e9rault","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-0668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gerault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072102790","display_name":"Anna Hambitzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087059","display_name":"Technology Innovation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/001kv2y39","country_code":"AE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Hambitzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045104020","display_name":"Matteo Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-0720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9159,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94866815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"184","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7950812578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6989980340003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6661152839660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6157708764076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.5962913036346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.5576128959655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5411086082458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49213045835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.49173668026924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4519405961036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37719717621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27021196484565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.23771604895591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11852139234542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.08514046669006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.06879919767379761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7950812578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6989980340003967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6661152839660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6157708764076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.5962913036346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.5576128959655762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5411086082458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49213045835494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.49173668026924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4519405961036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37719717621803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27021196484565735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.23771604895591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11852139234542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.08514046669006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.06879919767379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11188/10630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f4d8d889365a490b8d5b2318575221f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4d8d889365a490b8d5b2318575221f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, Vol 2023, Iss 3 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tosc.v2023.i3.184-212","pdf_url":"https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/download/11188/10630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236173","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","issn_l":"2519-173X","issn":["2519-173X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386844062.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W380217570","https://openalex.org/W1427832936","https://openalex.org/W1522919234","https://openalex.org/W1607874478","https://openalex.org/W1629301835","https://openalex.org/W1883151075","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1904723009","https://openalex.org/W2087928947","https://openalex.org/W2120255721","https://openalex.org/W2132271754","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2481495684","https://openalex.org/W2519091744","https://openalex.org/W2740336530","https://openalex.org/W2785523195","https://openalex.org/W2912272895","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2969001071","https://openalex.org/W3029528717","https://openalex.org/W3038002396","https://openalex.org/W3081923202","https://openalex.org/W3138291626","https://openalex.org/W3159555774","https://openalex.org/W3204083949","https://openalex.org/W3208405702","https://openalex.org/W4205688174","https://openalex.org/W4226072722","https://openalex.org/W4226495901","https://openalex.org/W4241072010","https://openalex.org/W4285211917","https://openalex.org/W4287828539","https://openalex.org/W4288072960","https://openalex.org/W4291004844","https://openalex.org/W4309182925","https://openalex.org/W4312947716","https://openalex.org/W4317806007","https://openalex.org/W4317928249","https://openalex.org/W4391920120","https://openalex.org/W6639565960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W18954787","https://openalex.org/W3138083505","https://openalex.org/W4254460476","https://openalex.org/W2783353176","https://openalex.org/W4390962791","https://openalex.org/W2339543721","https://openalex.org/W1829339118","https://openalex.org/W3179891621","https://openalex.org/W87530933","https://openalex.org/W1700639748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"cryptanalysis":[1],"is":[2,80,88,105,125],"the":[3,26,68,93,113,116,154],"study":[4],"of":[5,28,82,95,115],"cryptographic":[6],"primitives":[7,145],"through":[8],"machine":[9,48],"learning":[10],"techniques.":[11],"Following":[12],"Gohr\u2019s":[13],"seminal":[14],"paper":[15],"at":[16],"CRYPTO":[17],"2019,":[18],"a":[19,72,107,128],"focus":[20,66],"has":[21],"been":[22],"placed":[23],"on":[24,47,67],"improving":[25],"accuracy":[27],"such":[29],"distinguishers":[30,51,142],"against":[31],"specific":[32],"primitives,":[33],"using":[34],"dedicated":[35],"training":[36],"schemes,":[37],"in":[38,132],"order":[39],"to":[40,59,112],"obtain":[41],"better":[42],"key":[43],"recovery":[44],"attacks":[45],"based":[46],"learning.":[49],"These":[50],"are":[52],"highly":[53,129],"specialized":[54,130],"and":[55,136,151,160],"not":[56],"trivially":[57],"applicable":[58],"other":[60],"primitives.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63,121],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"opposite":[69],"problem:":[70],"building":[71],"generic":[73],"pipeline":[74,124],"for":[75,92,99,134,143,156],"neural":[76,100,108,141],"cryptanalysis.":[77],"Our":[78],"tool":[79],"composed":[81],"two":[83],"parts.":[84],"The":[85,102],"first":[86],"part":[87,104],"an":[89],"evolutionary":[90],"algorithm":[91],"search":[94],"good":[96],"input":[97],"differences":[98],"distinguishers.":[101],"second":[103],"DBitNet,":[106],"distinguisher":[109],"architecture":[110],"agnostic":[111],"structure":[114],"cipher.":[117],"We":[118,138],"show":[119],"that":[120],"fully":[122],"automated":[123],"competitive":[126],"with":[127],"approach,":[131],"particular":[133],"SPECK32,":[135],"SIMON32.":[137],"provide":[139],"new":[140],"several":[144],"(XTEA,":[146],"LEA,":[147],"HIGHT,":[148],"SIMON128,":[149],"SPECK128)":[150],"improve":[152],"over":[153],"state-of-the-art":[155],"PRESENT,":[157],"KATAN,":[158],"TEA":[159],"GIMLI.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
