{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124462890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160","title":"It\u2019s TEEtime: Secure Interrupt Isolation for Normal-world Enclaves on Arm","display_name":"It\u2019s TEEtime: Secure Interrupt Isolation for Normal-world Enclaves on Arm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124462890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12670/12360","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12670/12360","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059014583","display_name":"Friederike Groschupp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5726-0159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Friederike Groschupp","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063421079","display_name":"Mark Kuhne","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Kuhne","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123169576","display_name":"Moritz Schneider","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003638788","display_name":"Evan Puddu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Puddu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072251298","display_name":"Shweta Shinde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shweta Shinde","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077290467","display_name":"Sr\u0111jan \u010capkun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5727-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srdjan Capkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059014583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16632499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":"135","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interrupt","display_name":"Interrupt","score":0.8956999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.34790000319480896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41661131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220764","display_name":"Interrupt","level":3,"score":0.8956999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722192","display_name":"System call","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16980","display_name":"ARM architecture","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42259789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392940","display_name":"Fail-safe","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28533478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541162","display_name":"Interrupt handler","level":4,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12670/12360","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.3929/ethz-c-000795632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/795632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2026.i1.135-160","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12670/12360","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336702","display_name":"Zurich Information Security and Privacy Center","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124462890.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7124462890.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"and":[1,16,109,120,151],"direct":[2,108],"peripheral":[3,57,90,111],"access":[4,112],"is":[5],"an":[6,20,30,39,165],"important":[7],"building":[8],"block":[9],"for":[10,26,124,142],"protecting":[11],"sensitive":[12],"applications":[13,79],"on":[14,115,147,152],"mobile":[15],"embedded":[17],"devices:":[18],"Otherwise,":[19],"untrusted":[21,166],"OS":[22],"or":[23,37],"hypervisor":[24],"can,":[25],"example,":[27],"trivially":[28],"intercept":[29],"app\u2019s":[31,40],"secrets":[32],"when":[33],"it":[34,46],"renders":[35],"them":[36],"restrict":[38],"functionality":[41],"by":[42,77,113],"limiting":[43],"the":[44,63,69,81,86,121,153],"way":[45],"can":[47],"interface":[48],"with":[49],"a":[50,95,131,137,159],"peripheral.":[51],"While":[52],"Arm":[53,117],"TrustZone":[54,118],"supports":[55],"secure":[56,70,82,89,110,122],"access,":[58],"its":[59],"design":[60,136],"choices":[61],"limit":[62],"flexible":[64],"deployment":[65],"of":[66,88],"apps":[67],"in":[68,102],"world.":[71],"Recent":[72],"TEE":[73],"designs":[74],"address":[75],"this":[76],"isolating":[78],"outside":[80],"world,":[83],"but":[84],"at":[85],"cost":[87],"access.":[91],"We":[92,144],"propose":[93],"TEEtime,":[94],"novel":[96,132],"system":[97],"that":[98],"gives":[99],"software":[100],"running":[101,163],"normal-world":[103],"isolated":[104],"execution":[105],"environments":[106],"(domains)":[107],"relying":[114],"existing":[116],"mechanisms":[119],"monitor":[123],"enforcement.":[125],"TEEtime":[126,146],"introduces":[127],"interrupt":[128,139],"isolation":[129,140],"as":[130],"key":[133],"primitive;":[134],"we":[135],"fine-grained":[138],"framework":[141],"Armv8-A.":[143],"prototype":[145],"Arm\u2019s":[148],"FVP":[149],"simulator":[150],"Purism":[154],"Librem":[155],"5":[156],"phone,":[157],"showcasing":[158],"Signal":[160],"messenger":[161],"app":[162],"alongside":[164],"OS.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}
