{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414017119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316","title":"ECTester: Reverse-engineering side-channel countermeasures of ECC implementations","display_name":"ECTester: Reverse-engineering side-channel countermeasures of ECC implementations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414017119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12411/12140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12411/12140","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062498890","display_name":"Vojt\u011bch Such\u00e1nek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-221X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21449261","display_name":"Masaryk University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j46qs45","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vojtech Suchanek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013087653","display_name":"Jan Jancar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-0183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21449261","display_name":"Masaryk University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j46qs45","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Jancar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098980540","display_name":"Jan Kvapil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3303-1481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21449261","display_name":"Masaryk University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j46qs45","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Kvapil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069701908","display_name":"Petr \u0160venda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9784-7624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21449261","display_name":"Masaryk University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j46qs45","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Svenda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025785735","display_name":"\u0141ukasz Chmielewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-5235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21449261","display_name":"Masaryk University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j46qs45","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0141ukasz Chmielewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21449261"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32760857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"4","first_page":"290","last_page":"316"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.7635402679443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5928659439086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5562242269515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"Reverse engineering","score":0.5114075541496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3885577917098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3187468647956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.29775822162628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.14440694451332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.13605722784996033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.7635402679443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5928659439086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5562242269515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.5114075541496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3885577917098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3187468647956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.29775822162628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.14440694451332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.13605722784996033}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12411/12140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ebe8936106a463d959220839716677d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ebe8936106a463d959220839716677d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2025, Iss 4 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.290-316","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12411/12140","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414017119.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414017119.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363831530","https://openalex.org/W2363845219","https://openalex.org/W4407648083","https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W2977179488","https://openalex.org/W2381057835","https://openalex.org/W2144453115","https://openalex.org/W2744553356","https://openalex.org/W2159609636","https://openalex.org/W3196561854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developers":[0],"implementing":[1],"elliptic":[2,19,24,125],"curve":[3,30,126],"cryptography":[4],"(ECC)":[5],"face":[6],"a":[7,27,89,98],"wide":[8],"range":[9],"of":[10,16,29,43,52,82,92,113,148,217],"implementation":[11,84,116],"choices":[12],"created":[13],"by":[14],"decades":[15],"research":[17],"into":[18],"curves.":[20],"The":[21],"literature":[22],"on":[23,79,159,230],"curves":[25],"offers":[26],"plethora":[28],"models,":[31],"scalar":[32,169,179],"multipliers,":[33],"and":[34,64,124,133,135,140,152,203,258],"addition":[35],"formulas,":[36],"but":[37,120,212,240],"this":[38,57],"comes":[39],"with":[40],"the":[41,49,80,83,111,114,146,149,155,196,210,214,218,223,228],"price":[42],"enabling":[44],"attacks":[45,119],"to":[46,175,198,206,253],"also":[47,121,213],"use":[48],"rich":[50],"structure":[51],"these":[53,160],"techniques.":[54],"Navigating":[55],"through":[56],"area":[58],"is":[59,261],"not":[60,144,189,208],"an":[61],"easy":[62],"task":[63],"developers":[65],"often":[66],"obscure":[67],"their":[68],"choices,":[69],"especially":[70],"in":[71],"black-box":[72,102],"hardware":[73],"implementations.":[74,104],"Since":[75],"side-channel":[76,191],"attackers":[77],"rely":[78],"knowledge":[81],"details,":[85],"reverse":[86,167,256],"engineering":[87,168],"becomes":[88],"crucial":[90],"part":[91],"attacks.This":[93],"work":[94],"presents":[95],"ECTester":[96,109],"\u2013":[97,238],"tool":[99],"for":[100,166],"testing":[101],"ECC":[103,131],"Through":[105],"various":[106],"test":[107],"suites,":[108],"observes":[110],"behavior":[112],"target":[115],"against":[117],"known":[118],"non-standard":[122],"inputs":[123],"parameters.":[127],"We":[128],"analyze":[129],"popular":[130],"libraries":[132,139],"smartcards":[134,142,233],"show":[136],"that":[137,172],"some":[138],"most":[141],"do":[143,188],"check":[145],"order":[147],"input":[150],"points":[151],"improperly":[153],"handle":[154],"infinity":[156],"point.":[157],"Based":[158],"observations,":[161],"we":[162,225,242,246],"design":[163],"new":[164],"techniques":[165,187],"randomization":[170],"countermeasures":[171,229],"are":[173,204],"able":[174,205],"distinguish":[176],"between":[177],"group":[178],"randomization,":[180],"additive,":[181],"multiplicative":[182],"or":[183],"Euclidean":[184],"splitting.":[185],"Our":[186],"require":[190,195],"measurements;":[192],"they":[193],"only":[194,209],"ability":[197],"set":[199],"custom":[200],"domain":[201],"parameters,":[202],"extract":[207],"size":[211],"exact":[215],"value":[216],"random":[219],"mask":[220],"used.":[221],"Using":[222],"techniques,":[224],"successfully":[226],"reverse-engineered":[227],"13":[231],"cryptographic":[232],"from":[234],"5":[235],"major":[236],"manufacturers":[237],"all":[239],"one":[241],"tested":[243],"on.":[244],"Finally,":[245],"discuss":[247],"what":[248],"mitigations":[249],"can":[250],"be":[251],"applied":[252],"prevent":[254],"such":[255],"engineering,":[257],"whether":[259],"it":[260],"possible":[262],"at":[263],"all.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}