{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414017387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253","title":"Fault Injection Evaluation with Statistical Analysis","display_name":"Fault Injection Evaluation with Statistical Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414017387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12409/12138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12409/12138","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107616052","display_name":"Felix Uhle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0480-3283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Uhle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horst G\u00f6rtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0480-3283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horst G\u00f6rtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017123503","display_name":"Nicolai M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-4722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolai M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horst G\u00f6rtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-4722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horst G\u00f6rtz Institute for IT Security, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012815811","display_name":"Amir Moradi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-7433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Moradi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-7433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9271,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76915071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"4","first_page":"215","last_page":"253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.460858017206192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.44739240407943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42564159631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.4166754186153412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.34853750467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24960759282112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.23303565382957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2156098186969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20025861263275146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.460858017206192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.44739240407943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42564159631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4166754186153412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.34853750467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24960759282112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.23303565382957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2156098186969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20025861263275146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12409/12138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bae23710c66d43d4a236301ba6b52973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bae23710c66d43d4a236301ba6b52973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2025, Iss 4 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i4.215-253","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12409/12138","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G18682879","display_name":"EXC 2092: CyberSicherheit im Zeitalter gro\u00dfskaliger Angreifer (CASA)","funder_award_id":"390781972","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322348","display_name":"Korea Science and Engineering Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414017387.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414017387.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"critical":[1],"aspect":[2],"of":[3,20,75,87,126,142,159,172,209],"securing":[4],"cryptographic":[5],"hardware":[6,29,76,143],"is":[7,66,113,157],"their":[8],"resistance":[9,74,119,141,181,208],"to":[10,34,71,120,164],"Fault":[11,53],"Injection":[12,54],"(FI)":[13],"attacks,":[14],"which":[15],"involve":[16],"the":[17,23,48,57,64,73,85,102,140,146,207],"successful":[18],"injection":[19,37,80],"faults":[21],"into":[22],"system":[24],"in":[25],"operation.":[26],"Specifically,":[27],"a":[28,107,121,134,153,169,190],"design":[30],"must":[31,60],"be":[32,61],"resilient":[33],"wellestablished":[35],"fault":[36,45,79,95,149],"techniques,":[38],"including":[39],"voltage":[40],"or":[41,101],"clock":[42],"glitching,":[43],"laser":[44],"injections,":[46],"and":[47],"more":[49,115,195],"recently":[50],"introduced":[51],"Electromagnetic":[52],"(EMFI).":[55],"Ideally,":[56],"protection":[58],"level":[59,171],"verified":[62],"before":[63],"chip":[65],"fabricated.":[67],"Although":[68],"initial":[69],"efforts":[70],"verify":[72],"designs":[77,89,162],"against":[78,183],"have":[81],"been":[82],"made,":[83],"analyzing":[84,139],"security":[86],"practical":[88,201],"with":[90],"realistic":[91,116,196],"gate":[92],"counts":[93],"under":[94,145],"injections":[96],"that":[97],"affect":[98],"multiple":[99],"gates":[100],"entire":[103],"circuit":[104],"state":[105],"remains":[106],"significant":[108],"challenge.":[109],"This":[110],"scenario,":[111],"however,":[112],"considered":[114],"than":[117],"assessing":[118],"fixed,":[122],"relatively":[123],"small":[124],"number":[125],"faults.":[127],"In":[128,186],"this":[129],"work,":[130],"we":[131,188,205],"introduce":[132],"FIESTA,":[133,204],"versatile":[135],"automated":[136],"framework":[137],"for":[138,193],"circuits":[144],"general":[147],"random":[148],"model.":[150],"By":[151],"leveraging":[152],"nonexhaustive":[154],"approach,":[155],"FIESTA":[156,174],"capable":[158],"evaluating":[160,194],"larger":[161],"compared":[163],"state-of-the-art":[165],"tools,":[166],"while":[167],"maintaining":[168],"reasonable":[170],"confidence.":[173],"supports":[175],"various":[176],"adversary":[177],"models,":[178],"allowing":[179],"customized":[180],"analysis":[182],"specific":[184],"adversaries.":[185],"particular,":[187],"present":[189],"concrete":[191],"procedure":[192],"precise":[197],"adversaries,":[198],"based":[199],"on":[200],"observations.":[202],"Using":[203],"assessed":[206],"several":[210],"(protected)":[211],"Advanced":[212],"Encryption":[213],"Standard":[214],"(AES)":[215],"cores.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-22T07:34:49.880490","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
