{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411157941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643","title":"ToFA: Towards Fault Analysis of GIFT and GIFT-like Ciphers Leveraging Truncated Impossible Differentials","display_name":"ToFA: Towards Fault Analysis of GIFT and GIFT-like Ciphers Leveraging Truncated Impossible Differentials","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411157941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12237/12048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12237/12048","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101966455","display_name":"Anup Kumar Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-7347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anup Kumar Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056652680","display_name":"Shibam Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-1681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["FR","IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibam Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University Of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Inria, Paris, France","Department of Computer Science, University Of Haifa, Haifa, Israel","Inria, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University Of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Inria, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University Of Haifa, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069066434","display_name":"Aikata Aikata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aikata Aikata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Security, Graz University of Technology, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Security, Graz University of Technology, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068524908","display_name":"Dhiman Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-9683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121466","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai","ror":"https://ror.org/02sscsx71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhiman Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["de.ci.phe.red Lab, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Chhattisgarh - 491002, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"de.ci.phe.red Lab, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Chhattisgarh - 491002, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1977,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8895291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"3","first_page":"614","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5202664136886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gift-giving","display_name":"Gift giving","score":0.4181601405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1569482386112213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.0969860851764679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5202664136886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017561558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184303","display_name":"Gift giving","level":3,"score":0.4181601405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1569482386112213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0969860851764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777276634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211067","display_name":"Conflict of interest","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12237/12048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05466295v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-05466295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, 2025, 2025 (3), pp.614-643. ⟨10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e40cd78216ee4ed3b31e81f455ccd1e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e40cd78216ee4ed3b31e81f455ccd1e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2025, Iss 3 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.614-643","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12237/12048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313144","display_name":"ITEA","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326047","display_name":"Amt der Steierm\u00e4rkischen Landesregierung","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411157941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411157941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,129,201,218],"work,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"ToFA,":[5],"the":[6,16,40,56,95,100,104,109,117,121,124,134,181,196,205,221,233],"first":[7],"fault":[8,49,140,190,207,228,236],"attack":[9],"(FA)":[10],"strategy":[11],"that":[12,42],"attempts":[13],"to":[14,24,48,59,73,103,179,192],"leverage":[15],"classically":[17],"well-known":[18],"idea":[19,37],"of":[20,55,108,120,133,147,198,213,223],"impossible":[21,76],"differential":[22,44,77],"cryptanalysis":[23,225],"mount":[25],"practically":[26],"verifiable":[27],"attacks":[28,141,237],"on":[29,99,144,155,238],"bit-oriented":[30],"ciphers":[31,57],"like":[32],"GIFT":[33,110,214],"and":[34,111,215],"BAKSHEESH.":[35,216],"The":[36,90],"stems":[38],"from":[39],"fact":[41],"truncated":[43,69],"paths":[45],"induced":[46],"due":[47,102,191],"injection":[50,208],"in":[51,62,128,227],"certain":[52],"intermediate":[53],"rounds":[54,64],"lead":[58],"active":[60],"SBox-es":[61],"subsequent":[63],"whose":[65],"inputs":[66],"admit":[67],"specific":[68],"differences.":[70],"This":[71],"leads":[72],"a":[74,151,187],"(multi-round)":[75],"distinguisher,":[78],"which":[79,115],"can":[80],"be":[81],"incrementally":[82],"leveraged":[83],"for":[84,165,173,184,210],"key-guess":[85],"elimination":[86],"via":[87],"partial":[88],"decryption.":[89],"key-space":[91],"reduction":[92],"further":[93],"exploits":[94],"multi-round":[96],"impossibility,":[97],"capitalizing":[98],"relations":[101],"quotient-remainder":[105],"(QR)":[106],"groups":[107],"BAKSHEESH":[112],"linear":[113],"layer,":[114],"increases":[116],"filtering":[118],"capability":[119],"distinguisher.":[122],"Moreover,":[123],"primary":[125],"observations":[126],"made":[127],"work":[130,202,219],"are":[131],"independent":[132],"actual":[135],"SBox.":[136],"Clock":[137],"glitch":[138],"based":[139],"were":[142],"mounted":[143],"8-bit":[145,157],"implementations":[146],"GIFT-":[148],"64/GIFT-128":[149],"using":[150],"ChipWhisperer":[152],"Lite":[153],"board":[154],"an":[156],"ATXmega128D4-AU":[158],"micro-controller.":[159],"Unique":[160],"key":[161,175],"recovery":[162],"was":[163,177],"achieved":[164],"GIFT-128":[166],"with":[167,186],"3":[168],"random":[169],"byte":[170],"faults,":[171],"while":[172],"GIFT-64,":[174,185],"space":[176],"reduced":[178],"232,":[180],"highest":[182,206],"achievable":[183],"single":[188],"level":[189],"its":[193],"key-schedule.":[194],"To":[195],"best":[197],"our":[199],"knowledge,":[200],"also":[203],"reports":[204],"penetration":[209],"any":[211],"variant":[212],"Finally,":[217],"reiterates":[220],"role":[222],"classical":[224],"strategies":[226],"vulnerability":[229],"assessment":[230],"by":[231],"showcasing":[232],"most":[234],"efficient":[235],"GIFT.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}