{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411156957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237","title":"Code-based Masking: From Fields to Bits Bitsliced Higher-Order Masked SKINNY","display_name":"Code-based Masking: From Fields to Bits Bitsliced Higher-Order Masked SKINNY","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411156957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12215/12022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12215/12022","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004251369","display_name":"John Gaspoz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gaspoz","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC, ESAT, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC, ESAT, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020954518","display_name":"Siemen Dhooghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-7355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siemen Dhooghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSIC, ESAT, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSIC, ESAT, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06823502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"3","first_page":"212","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.43369999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.43369999527931213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.7483102679252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6769841313362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5738509893417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4877975285053253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.45952966809272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.271571546792984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19080734252929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.10580894351005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.04897022247314453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.7483102679252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6769841313362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5738509893417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4877975285053253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.45952966809272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.271571546792984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19080734252929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.10580894351005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.04897022247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12215/12022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/765145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/765145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, vol. 2025 (3), (212-237)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:297dfe8fe56c481e9cd811749b59acfe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/297dfe8fe56c481e9cd811749b59acfe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2025, Iss 3 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i3.212-237","pdf_url":"https://ojs.ub.rub.de/index.php/TCHES/article/download/12215/12022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7517242433","display_name":"IMPULS-AI-2021","funder_award_id":"VR 2019 2203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","funder_display_name":"Vlaamse regering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411156957.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411156957.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57414702","https://openalex.org/W802019357","https://openalex.org/W1548656471","https://openalex.org/W1592625985","https://openalex.org/W1873852107","https://openalex.org/W1897761346","https://openalex.org/W2124785100","https://openalex.org/W2504919933","https://openalex.org/W2594820387","https://openalex.org/W2612816951","https://openalex.org/W2766707086","https://openalex.org/W2785011856","https://openalex.org/W2785093856","https://openalex.org/W2944489229","https://openalex.org/W2951483588","https://openalex.org/W2954479288","https://openalex.org/W2978168681","https://openalex.org/W3004433901","https://openalex.org/W3013819130","https://openalex.org/W3029073807","https://openalex.org/W3037075142","https://openalex.org/W3157683630","https://openalex.org/W4281785571","https://openalex.org/W4309195016","https://openalex.org/W4323320259","https://openalex.org/W4379056537","https://openalex.org/W4385654402","https://openalex.org/W4405242265","https://openalex.org/W4410947769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Masking":[0],"is":[1,121,246],"one":[2,267],"of":[3,23,28,182,225,235,243],"the":[4,17,41,70,76,149,166,209,226],"most":[5],"prevalent":[6],"and":[7,40,175,187,237,249],"investigated":[8],"countermeasures":[9],"against":[10,263],"side-channel":[11,253],"analysis.":[12],"As":[13],"an":[14,219],"alternative":[15],"to":[16,48,69,89,105,134,146,266],"simple":[18],"(e.g.,":[19,138],"additive)":[20],"encoding":[21,84],"function":[22],"Boolean":[24,55,106,231],"masking,":[25],"a":[26,257],"collection":[27],"more":[29,42,82],"algebraically":[30],"complex":[31,83],"masking":[32,39,45,232],"types":[33],"has":[34],"emerged.":[35],"Recently,":[36],"inner":[37],"product":[38],"generic":[43],"codebased":[44],"have":[46],"proven":[47,248],"enable":[49],"higher":[50],"theoretical":[51],"security":[52,210,242],"properties":[53],"than":[54],"masking.":[56,107],"In":[57,161],"CARDIS":[58],"2017,":[59],"Poussier":[60],"et":[61],"al.":[62],"connected":[63],"this":[64,162,244],"\u201csecurity":[65],"order":[66,211],"amplification\u201d":[67],"effect":[68,213],"bit-probing":[71,189],"model,":[72],"demonstrating":[73],"that":[74,178,204],"for":[75,98,116,124],"same":[77],"shared":[78],"size,":[79],"sharings":[80],"from":[81],"functions":[85],"exhibit":[86],"greater":[87],"resistance":[88],"higher-order":[90],"attacks.":[91],"Despite":[92],"these":[93,198],"advantages,":[94],"masked":[95,111,130,173,202,222],"gadgets":[96,112,131],"designed":[97,115],"code-based":[99,110,129,183],"implementations":[100],"face":[101],"significant":[102],"overhead":[103],"compared":[104],"Furthermore,":[108],"existing":[109],"are":[113,132],"not":[114],"efficient":[117],"bitslice":[118],"representation,":[119],"which":[120,229],"highly":[122],"beneficial":[123],"software":[125],"implementations.":[126],"Thus,":[127],"current":[128],"constrained":[133],"operate":[135,179,205],"over":[136,180,206],"words":[137],"elements":[139],"in":[140,233],"F2k":[141],"),":[142],"limiting":[143],"their":[144],"applicability":[145],"ciphers":[147,203],"where":[148],"S-box":[150],"can":[151],"be":[152],"efficiently":[153],"computed":[154],"via":[155],"power":[156],"functions,":[157],"such":[158],"as":[159],"AES.":[160],"paper,":[163],"we":[164,200,217],"address":[165],"aforementioned":[167],"limitations.":[168],"We":[169],"first":[170],"introduce":[171],"foundational":[172],"linear":[174],"non-linear":[176],"circuits":[177],"bits":[181],"sharings,":[184],"ensuring":[185],"composability":[186],"preserving":[188,208],"security,":[190],"specifically":[191],"achieving":[192],"t-Probe":[193],"Isolating":[194],"Non-Interference":[195],"(t-PINI).":[196],"Utilizing":[197],"circuits,":[199],"construct":[201],"bits,":[207],"amplification":[212],"during":[214],"computation.":[215],"Additionally,":[216],"present":[218],"optimized":[220],"bitsliced":[221],"assembly":[223],"implementation":[224,245],"SKINNY":[227],"cipher,":[228],"outperforms":[230],"terms":[234],"randomness":[236],"gate":[238],"count.":[239],"The":[240],"third-order":[241],"formally":[247],"validated":[250],"through":[251],"practical":[252],"leakage":[254],"evaluations":[255],"on":[256],"Cortex-M4":[258],"core,":[259],"confirming":[260],"its":[261],"robustness":[262],"leakages":[264],"up":[265],"million":[268],"traces.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}