{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408167211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","title":"New Quantum Cryptanalysis of Binary Elliptic Curves","display_name":"New Quantum Cryptanalysis of Binary Elliptic Curves","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408167211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088911224","display_name":"Kyungbae Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-7127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungbae Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vikas Srivastava","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikas Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005792765","display_name":"Anubhab Baksi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-7372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anubhab Baksi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058432784","display_name":"Santanu Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-920X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santanu Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085541661","display_name":"Hwajeong Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0069-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwajeong Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94787036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"2","first_page":"781","last_page":"804"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.6045963764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4495294988155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve","display_name":"Elliptic curve","score":0.4487065076828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boomerang-attack","display_name":"Boomerang attack","score":0.43617215752601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36484432220458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Linear cryptanalysis","score":0.314058780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1939300298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17072686553001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.15307241678237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.12877574563026428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.6045963764190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4495294988155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268493","display_name":"Elliptic curve","level":2,"score":0.4487065076828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147552392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2869899","display_name":"Boomerang attack","level":5,"score":0.43617215752601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36484432220458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82424418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826463","display_name":"Linear cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.314058780670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1939300298690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17072686553001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.15307241678237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.12877574563026428}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a78398993fe48c88803988775bf0e51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a78398993fe48c88803988775bf0e51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2025, Iss 2 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/206419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/206419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2025.i2.781-804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536590213","https://openalex.org/W2026284256","https://openalex.org/W2038988682","https://openalex.org/W2786560893","https://openalex.org/W4381516129","https://openalex.org/W1574936599","https://openalex.org/W2802560047","https://openalex.org/W2102023965","https://openalex.org/W2093538406","https://openalex.org/W2183394756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,79],"paper":[1,120,128,136],"improves":[2,41,112],"upon":[3,42],"the":[4,9,43,52,66,82,94,105,118,125,134,153,157,161,167,172,176,180,193,199,216,225,242,249],"quantum":[5,21,98,177,210],"circuits":[6],"required":[7],"for":[8,208,224],"Shor\u2019s":[10],"attack":[11,211],"on":[12,65],"binary":[13,162],"elliptic":[14,163],"curves.":[15],"We":[16],"present":[17],"two":[18],"types":[19],"of":[20,45,90,107,143,160,196,237,251],"point":[22,38,73],"addition,":[23],"taking":[24],"both":[25],"qubit":[26,53,95,147],"count":[27,54,96,148,201],"and":[28,86,133,139,146],"circuit":[29,84,144,178],"depth":[30,56,85,99,145,150,182,204],"into":[31],"consideration.In":[32],"summary,":[33],"we":[34,69,155],"propose":[35],"an":[36,71,88],"in-place":[37],"addition":[39,74],"that":[40],"work":[44,111,185,221],"Banegas":[46,122],"et":[47,123,131],"al.":[48],"from":[49,113],"CHES\u201921,":[50],"reducing":[51],"\u2013":[55,62,97,149,202],"product":[57,100],"by":[58,75,121,129,137,171,214],"more":[59],"than":[60,192],"73%":[61],"81%":[63],"depending":[64],"variant.":[67],"Furthermore,":[68],"develop":[70],"out-of-place":[72],"using":[76],"additional":[77],"qubits.":[78],"method":[80],"achieves":[81],"lowest":[83],"offers":[87],"improvement":[89],"over":[91],"92%":[92],"in":[93,141,183,219,235],"(for":[101],"a":[102,206],"single":[103],"step).To":[104],"best":[106],"our":[108,110,184,220],"knowledge,":[109],"all":[114],"previous":[115],"works":[116],"(including":[117],"CHES\u201921":[119],"al.,":[124,132],"IEEE":[126],"Access\u201922":[127],"Putranto":[130],"CT-RSA\u201923":[135],"Taguchi":[138],"Takayasu)":[140],"terms":[142,236],"product.Equipped":[151],"with":[152,179],"implementations,":[154],"discuss":[156],"post-quantum":[158,243],"security":[159,244],"curve":[164,226],"cryptography.":[165],"Under":[166],"MAXDEPTH":[168,194],"metric":[169,207],"(proposed":[170,213],"US":[173],"government\u2019s":[174],"NIST),":[175,215],"highest":[181,217],"is":[186,189,222,231],"224,":[187],"which":[188],"significantly":[190],"lower":[191],"limit":[195],"240.":[197],"For":[198],"gate":[200],"full":[203],"product,":[205],"estimating":[209],"cost":[212],"complexity":[218],"260":[223],"having":[227],"degree":[228],"571":[229],"(which":[230],"comparable":[232],"to":[233],"AES-256":[234],"classical":[238],"security),":[239],"considerably":[240],"below":[241],"level":[245],"1":[246],"threshold":[247],"(of":[248],"order":[250],"2156).":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
