{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310370778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325","title":"ImpedanceVerif: On-Chip Impedance Sensing for System-Level Tampering Detection","display_name":"ImpedanceVerif: On-Chip Impedance Sensing for System-Level Tampering Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310370778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9954/9457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9954/9457","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000341356","display_name":"Tahoura Mosavirik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahoura Mosavirik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088000939","display_name":"Patrick Schaumont","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Schaumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002624062","display_name":"Shahin Tajik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-2358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Tajik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.916,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94632168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"301","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6873629689216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6395912170410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5844942331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5608329176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamper-resistance","display_name":"Tamper resistance","score":0.5459917187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.5124986171722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-analyzer","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","score":0.468642920255661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.4678519368171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.46009936928749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.45885732769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.451065331697464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.4362047612667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-circuit-board","display_name":"Printed circuit board","score":0.4233376681804657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.397754043340683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23249539732933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15252885222434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09130421280860901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6873629689216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6395912170410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5844942331314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5608329176902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19163912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7681779","display_name":"Tamper resistance","level":2,"score":0.5459917187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5124986171722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158007255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055222","display_name":"Spectrum analyzer","level":2,"score":0.468642920255661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.4678519368171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46009936928749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.45885732769966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.451065331697464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.4362047612667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.4233376681804657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.397754043340683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23249539732933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15252885222434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09130421280860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9954/9457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:edbf2faac82f4e9888689b80b45bdce5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/edbf2faac82f4e9888689b80b45bdce5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2023, Iss 1 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2023.i1.301-325","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9954/9457","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G155498796","display_name":"MRI: Acquisition of High-Resolution Photon Emission/Laser Fault Injection Microscope with High-Performance Computers for Failure Analysis and Security Assessment of Electronic Syst","funder_award_id":"2117349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307791","display_name":"Cisco Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317074","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310370778.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310370778.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148441276","https://openalex.org/W199979595","https://openalex.org/W1496464616","https://openalex.org/W1527722800","https://openalex.org/W1967881661","https://openalex.org/W2030242250","https://openalex.org/W2114555630","https://openalex.org/W2124893091","https://openalex.org/W2151611216","https://openalex.org/W2340344720","https://openalex.org/W2399378219","https://openalex.org/W2614946199","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2759479718","https://openalex.org/W2789286477","https://openalex.org/W2794898833","https://openalex.org/W2801826331","https://openalex.org/W2884144227","https://openalex.org/W2884598006","https://openalex.org/W2903136240","https://openalex.org/W2929412763","https://openalex.org/W2947203440","https://openalex.org/W2955064255","https://openalex.org/W2973780393","https://openalex.org/W2977298796","https://openalex.org/W2998845540","https://openalex.org/W3083028264","https://openalex.org/W3093685770","https://openalex.org/W3095912109","https://openalex.org/W3132434286","https://openalex.org/W3152552921","https://openalex.org/W3215567277","https://openalex.org/W4211263472","https://openalex.org/W4242566960","https://openalex.org/W4244215799","https://openalex.org/W4285122532","https://openalex.org/W4293077531","https://openalex.org/W4380988128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548004008","https://openalex.org/W265063938","https://openalex.org/W2012930062","https://openalex.org/W3007132079","https://openalex.org/W2794898833","https://openalex.org/W2085150295","https://openalex.org/W2319436664","https://openalex.org/W2255916430","https://openalex.org/W2949421005","https://openalex.org/W1572026319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"attacks":[1],"can":[2,122,142,225,256],"compromise":[3],"the":[4,11,22,25,38,46,53,58,61,72,98,107,111,140,149,153,213,241,248],"security":[5],"of":[6,24,100,110,126,152,157,164,184,187,198,243],"cryptographic":[7],"devices.":[8],"Depending":[9],"on":[10,145,182],"attack\u2019s":[12],"requirements,":[13],"adversaries":[14],"might":[15],"need":[16],"to":[17,56,71,139,147,169,247],"(i)":[18],"place":[19],"probes":[20,246],"in":[21],"proximity":[23,242],"integrated":[26],"circuits":[27],"(ICs)":[28],"package,":[29,50,255],"(ii)":[30],"create":[31],"physical":[32,69],"connections":[33],"between":[34],"their":[35,74],"probes/wires":[36],"and":[37,67,78,191,200],"system\u2019s":[39,112],"PCB,":[40],"or":[41,51,209,251],"(iii)":[42],"physically":[43],"tamper":[44,127,165,228],"with":[45,80],"PCB\u2019s":[47],"components,":[48],"chip\u2019s":[49],"substitute":[52],"entire":[54],"PCB":[55,199],"prepare":[57],"device":[59],"for":[60,86,195,205],"attack.":[62],"While":[63],"tamper-proof":[64],"enclosures":[65],"prevent":[66],"detect":[68,123,227],"access":[70],"system,":[73,141],"high":[75],"manufacturing":[76],"cost":[77],"incompatibility":[79],"legacy":[81],"systems":[82],"make":[83],"them":[84],"unattractive":[85],"many":[87],"low-cost":[88],"scenarios.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"inspired":[93],"by":[94],"methods":[95],"known":[96],"from":[97,167],"field":[99],"power":[101,113],"integrity":[102],"analysis,":[103],"we":[104,176,220,224],"demonstrate":[105],"how":[106,131],"impedance":[108,261],"characterization":[109],"distribution":[114],"network":[115,120,134,180],"(PDN)":[116],"using":[117,259],"on-chip":[118,260],"circuit-based":[119],"analyzers":[121],"various":[124,196],"classes":[125,163,197],"events.":[128,229],"We":[129],"explain":[130],"these":[132,158],"embedded":[133,179],"analyzers,":[135],"without":[136],"any":[137],"modifications":[138],"be":[143,257],"deployed":[144],"FPGAs":[146,183],"extract":[148],"frequency":[150,159],"response":[151],"PDN.":[154],"The":[155],"analysis":[156],"responses":[160],"reveals":[161],"different":[162,207],"events":[166],"board":[168],"chip":[170],"level.":[171],"To":[172],"validate":[173],"our":[174],"claims,":[175],"run":[177],"an":[178],"analyzer":[181],"a":[185,217],"family":[186],"commercial":[188],"development":[189],"kits":[190],"perform":[192],"extensive":[193],"measurements":[194],"IC":[201,249,254],"package":[202,250],"tampering":[203,237],"required":[204],"conducting":[206],"side-channel":[208],"fault":[210],"attacks.":[211],"Using":[212],"Wasserstein":[214],"Distance":[215],"as":[216,240],"statistical":[218],"metric,":[219],"further":[221],"show":[222,233],"that":[223,234],"confidently":[226],"Our":[230],"results,":[231],"interestingly,":[232],"even":[235],"environment-level":[236],"activities,":[238],"such":[239],"contactless":[244],"EM":[245],"slightly":[252],"polished":[253],"detected":[258],"sensing.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
