{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197449120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","title":"Polynomial multiplication on embedded vector architectures","display_name":"Polynomial multiplication on embedded vector architectures","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197449120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","mag":"3197449120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9305/8871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9305/8871","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056467796","display_name":"Hanno Becker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801109035","display_name":"ARM (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanno Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arm Ltd, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arm Ltd, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022500026","display_name":"Jose Maria Bermudo Mera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0457-5728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Maria Bermudo Mera","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Bus 2452, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Bus 2452, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044163841","display_name":"Angshuman Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2594-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angshuman Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Bus 2452, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Bus 2452, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079733588","display_name":"Joseph Yiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801109035","display_name":"ARM (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Yiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arm Ltd, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arm Ltd, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082347771","display_name":"Ingrid Verbauwhede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid Verbauwhede","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-COSIC, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Bus 2452, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-COSIC, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Bus 2452, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2667,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90269221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"482","last_page":"505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7467479705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simd","display_name":"SIMD","score":0.5980398654937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5904614329338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5847346186637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.5465207099914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-arithmetic","display_name":"Modular arithmetic","score":0.4322243928909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4215211272239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.37524402141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1839885115623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16363123059272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10330674052238464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7467479705810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150552126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339387","display_name":"SIMD","level":2,"score":0.5980398654937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5904614329338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5847346186637878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.5465207099914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32049820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319400","display_name":"Modular arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.4322243928909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4215211272239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.37524402141571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1839885115623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16363123059272766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10330674052238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9305/8871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/684601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/684601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, vol. 2022 (1), (482-505)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14960de09daa41c9ac5a32eb740c9297","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14960de09daa41c9ac5a32eb740c9297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2022, Iss 1 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.482-505","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/9305/8871","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3460248328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C16/15/058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7517242433","display_name":"IMPULS-AI-2021","funder_award_id":"VR 2019 2203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","funder_display_name":"Vlaamse regering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7977722673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VR20192203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","funder_display_name":"KU Leuven"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322308","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197449120.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197449120.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001121794","https://openalex.org/W2135205181","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2903169466","https://openalex.org/W3013348637","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W3157250574","https://openalex.org/W4235199656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560663560","https://openalex.org/W2036954759","https://openalex.org/W2057797376","https://openalex.org/W2090319426","https://openalex.org/W2506252583","https://openalex.org/W2048249848","https://openalex.org/W2260716361","https://openalex.org/W1987422982","https://openalex.org/W2361290373","https://openalex.org/W4302768783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-degree,":[0],"low-precision":[1],"polynomial":[2,50],"arithmetic":[3],"is":[4,25],"a":[5,139,154,168],"fundamental":[6],"computational":[7],"primitive":[8],"underlying":[9],"structured":[10],"lattice":[11],"based":[12],"cryptography.":[13],"Its":[14],"algorithmic":[15],"properties":[16],"and":[17,31,44,106,123,133,157],"suitability":[18],"for":[19,47,161],"implementation":[20],"on":[21,60,95,115,150],"different":[22],"compute":[23],"platforms":[24],"an":[26],"active":[27],"area":[28,156],"of":[29,38,57],"research,":[30],"this":[32,36],"article":[33],"contributes":[34],"to":[35,113,141,176],"line":[37],"work:":[39],"Firstly,":[40],"we":[41,54,136,171],"present":[42],"memory-efficiency":[43],"performance":[45,143],"improvements":[46,59],"the":[48,67,71,76,90,96,124],"Toom-Cook/Karatsuba":[49],"multiplication":[51,174],"strategy.":[52],"Secondly,":[53],"provide":[55],"implementations":[56,149],"those":[58],"Arm\u00ae":[61,84,120],"Cortex\u00ae-M4":[62],"CPU,":[63],"as":[64,66,83,167],"well":[65],"newer":[68],"Cortex-M55":[69,97],"processor,":[70],"first":[72],"M-profile":[73,77],"core":[74],"implementing":[75],"Vector":[78,126],"Extension":[79,127],"(MVE),":[80],"also":[81,88],"known":[82],"Helium\u2122":[85],"technology.":[86],"We":[87,99],"implement":[89],"Number":[91],"Theoretic":[92],"Transform":[93],"(NTT)":[94],"processor.":[98],"show":[100],"that":[101],"despite":[102],"being":[103],"singleissue,":[104],"in-order":[105],"offering":[107],"only":[108],"8":[109],"vector":[110],"registers":[111],"compared":[112],"32":[114],"A-profile":[116],"SIMD":[117],"architectures":[118],"like":[119],"Neon\u2122":[121],"technology":[122],"Scalable":[125],"(SVE),":[128],"by":[129],"careful":[130],"register":[131],"management":[132],"instruction":[134],"scheduling,":[135],"can":[137],"obtain":[138],"3\u00d7":[140],"5\u00d7":[142],"improvement":[144],"over":[145],"already":[146],"highly":[147],"optimized":[148],"Cortex-M4,":[151],"while":[152],"maintaining":[153],"low":[155],"energy":[158],"profile":[159],"necessary":[160],"use":[162],"in":[163],"embedded":[164],"market.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"real-world":[169],"application":[170],"integrate":[172],"our":[173],"techniques":[175],"post-quantum":[177],"key-encapsulation":[178],"mechanism":[179],"Saber":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
