{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082370627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","title":"The design of scalar AES Instruction Set Extensions for RISC-V","display_name":"The design of scalar AES Instruction Set Extensions for RISC-V","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082370627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","mag":"3082370627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/8729/8329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/8729/8329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113496537","display_name":"Ben Marshall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069809318","display_name":"G. Richard Newell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093228","display_name":"Microchip Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kvz1558","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Richard Newell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microchip Technology Inc., USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microchip Technology Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082511819","display_name":"Daniel Page","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6366-7641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010228289","display_name":"Markku\u2013Juhani O. Saarinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2555-235X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164121","display_name":"Shield Therapeutics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hw2m351","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164121"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["PQShield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PQShield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164121"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046896397","display_name":"Claire Wolf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092931","display_name":"Psychoanalytical Association","ror":"https://ror.org/00gkr8739","country_code":"KZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092931"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Symbiotic EDA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Symbiotic EDA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113496537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93825112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6907504200935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.6544764637947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aes-implementations","display_name":"AES implementations","score":0.6047071814537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-encryption-standard","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","score":0.5818579792976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5268510580062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4988853931427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.4816638231277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45763707160949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.43378517031669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3344077169895172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3245391249656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32122603058815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2836412787437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15352240204811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12350532412528992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6907504200935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.6544764637947083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46331935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4651362","display_name":"AES implementations","level":4,"score":0.6047071814537048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.5818579792976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5268510580062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4988853931427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.4816638231277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45763707160949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.43378517031669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3344077169895172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3245391249656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32122603058815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2836412787437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15352240204811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12350532412528992}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/8729/8329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/ff503c76-8960-41b0-b6c8-37d8afb7a2c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/ff503c76-8960-41b0-b6c8-37d8afb7a2c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Marshall, B, Newell, G R, Page, D, Markku-Juhani O., S & Wolf, C 2020, 'The design of scalar AES Instruction Set Extensions for RISC-V', IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems (TCHES), vol. 2021, no. 1, pp. 109-136. https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/ff503c76-8960-41b0-b6c8-37d8afb7a2c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/ff503c76-8960-41b0-b6c8-37d8afb7a2c3","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/ff503c76-8960-41b0-b6c8-37d8afb7a2c3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ea4cc8289a140acb5ae39ab1b9af4ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ea4cc8289a140acb5ae39ab1b9af4ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2021, Iss 1 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fee8382140c84264b54f5f6c91afabbe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fee8382140c84264b54f5f6c91afabbe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Vol 2021, Iss 1 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46586/tches.v2021.i1.109-136","pdf_url":"https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/download/8729/8329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210207404","display_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","issn_l":"2569-2925","issn":["2569-2925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6764605470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R012288/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266967898","display_name":"SCARV: a side-channel hardened RISC-V platform","funder_award_id":"EP/R012288/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104126654","https://openalex.org/W170872169","https://openalex.org/W1480815770","https://openalex.org/W1490070390","https://openalex.org/W1515225084","https://openalex.org/W1518029257","https://openalex.org/W1521777246","https://openalex.org/W1523982624","https://openalex.org/W1525900064","https://openalex.org/W1531269151","https://openalex.org/W1539473506","https://openalex.org/W1548516269","https://openalex.org/W1558515754","https://openalex.org/W1568970091","https://openalex.org/W1579280642","https://openalex.org/W1584260451","https://openalex.org/W1584498424","https://openalex.org/W1589364525","https://openalex.org/W1595409632","https://openalex.org/W1603169531","https://openalex.org/W1703129327","https://openalex.org/W2096210558","https://openalex.org/W2101286902","https://openalex.org/W2105225880","https://openalex.org/W2142818280","https://openalex.org/W2149174385","https://openalex.org/W2151948794","https://openalex.org/W2153798176","https://openalex.org/W2164100802","https://openalex.org/W2187802606","https://openalex.org/W2195228161","https://openalex.org/W2266218113","https://openalex.org/W2358196266","https://openalex.org/W2493869930","https://openalex.org/W2562036180","https://openalex.org/W2562276894","https://openalex.org/W2574539584","https://openalex.org/W2574744022","https://openalex.org/W2804563939","https://openalex.org/W2808958758","https://openalex.org/W2809862131","https://openalex.org/W2890909432","https://openalex.org/W2972432313","https://openalex.org/W3006168389","https://openalex.org/W3027260415","https://openalex.org/W4238341678","https://openalex.org/W4240560709","https://openalex.org/W4244570301","https://openalex.org/W4301178354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161048573","https://openalex.org/W4248712873","https://openalex.org/W1703859826","https://openalex.org/W2392288291","https://openalex.org/W2393941228","https://openalex.org/W3208859339","https://openalex.org/W3121248233","https://openalex.org/W2348789984","https://openalex.org/W1998454494","https://openalex.org/W2371565089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure,":[0],"efficient":[1,116],"execution":[2],"of":[3,53,76,84,99,118],"AES":[4],"is":[5,25,55],"an":[6,72],"essential":[7],"requirement":[8],"on":[9,97],"most":[10],"computing":[11],"platforms.":[12],"Dedicated":[13],"Instruction":[14],"Set":[15],"Extensions":[16],"(ISEs)":[17],"are":[18],"often":[19],"included":[20],"for":[21,44,61,71,115],"this":[22],"purpose.":[23],"RISC-V":[24,111,125],"a":[26,33,81,93],"(relatively)":[27],"new":[28],"ISA":[29],"that":[30],"lacks":[31],"such":[32],"standardized":[34],"ISE.":[35],"We":[36,57,101],"survey":[37],"the":[38,105,123],"state-of-the-art":[39],"industrial":[40],"and":[41,47,63,78,86],"academic":[42],"ISEs":[43,60],"AES,":[45],"implement":[46],"evaluate":[48],"five":[49],"different":[50],"ISEs,":[51],"one":[52],"which":[54],"novel.":[56],"recommend":[58],"separate":[59],"32":[62],"64-bit":[64],"base":[65],"architectures,":[66],"with":[67,80],"measured":[68],"performance":[69],"improvements":[70],"AES-128":[73],"block":[74],"encryption":[75],"4x":[77],"10x":[79],"hardware":[82],"cost":[83],"1.1K":[85],"8.2K":[87],"gates":[88],"respectively,":[89],"when":[90],"compared":[91],"to":[92,110],"software-only":[94],"implementation":[95,117],"based":[96],"use":[98],"T-tables.":[100],"also":[102],"explore":[103],"how":[104],"proposed":[106],"standard":[107],"bit-manipulation":[108],"extension":[109,127],"can":[112],"be":[113],"harnessed":[114],"AES-GCM.":[119],"Our":[120],"work":[121],"supports":[122],"ongoing":[124],"cryptography":[126],"standardisation":[128],"process.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
