{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388903689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023","title":"A model of actors and grey failures","display_name":"A model of actors and grey failures","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388903689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023","pdf_url":"http://lmcs.episciences.org/12585/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://lmcs.episciences.org/12585/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087949298","display_name":"Laura Bocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Bocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kent, Canterbury, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018974160","display_name":"Julien Lange","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-1378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Lange","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007606690","display_name":"Simon G. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kent, Canterbury, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063315892","display_name":"A. Laura Voinea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-205X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Laura Voinea","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kent, Canterbury, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16845847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"Volume 19, Issue 4","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7567223906517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.595634937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bisimulation","display_name":"Bisimulation","score":0.5806207656860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.5686471462249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5532872676849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5171486735343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4731910228729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.419630765914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.36137688159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3245111107826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3118135333061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1065371036529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07552221417427063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7567223906517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.595634937286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135315306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866364","display_name":"Bisimulation","level":2,"score":0.5806207656860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.5686471462249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5532872676849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5171486735343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4731910228729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.419630765914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36137688159942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3245111107826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3118135333061218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1065371036529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07552221417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023","pdf_url":"http://lmcs.episciences.org/12585/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:112582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46298/lmcs-19%284%3A13%292023>)","pdf_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/112582/1/2210.17508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:88d897bd45574091bd5d70f01b84f34d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/88d897bd45574091bd5d70f01b84f34d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science, Vol Volume 19, Issue 4 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/lmcs-19(4:13)2023","pdf_url":"http://lmcs.episciences.org/12585/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114379355","display_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","issn_l":"1860-5974","issn":["1860-5974"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313916","host_organization_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313916"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Logical Methods in Computer Science e.V."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Logical Methods in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1147893575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EU H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1561419334","display_name":"Session Types for Reliable Distributed Systems (STARDUST)","funder_award_id":"EP/T014512/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495187929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EU\u2010H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5045220161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6660341829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T014512/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6996919532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"778233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388903689.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388903689.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54273311","https://openalex.org/W159994793","https://openalex.org/W638502264","https://openalex.org/W1025088682","https://openalex.org/W1476814706","https://openalex.org/W1487583155","https://openalex.org/W1499326305","https://openalex.org/W1573099115","https://openalex.org/W1580055894","https://openalex.org/W1591752798","https://openalex.org/W1600892692","https://openalex.org/W1705036269","https://openalex.org/W1797286441","https://openalex.org/W1810784978","https://openalex.org/W1859334764","https://openalex.org/W1968829301","https://openalex.org/W1969418483","https://openalex.org/W1972478730","https://openalex.org/W1976772592","https://openalex.org/W2001026449","https://openalex.org/W2025970201","https://openalex.org/W2041034484","https://openalex.org/W2046488919","https://openalex.org/W2088599499","https://openalex.org/W2103201802","https://openalex.org/W2128932399","https://openalex.org/W2135716933","https://openalex.org/W2169624732","https://openalex.org/W2212008127","https://openalex.org/W2325347394","https://openalex.org/W2563395768","https://openalex.org/W2603330110","https://openalex.org/W2619342549","https://openalex.org/W2623323969","https://openalex.org/W2763069638","https://openalex.org/W2809465996","https://openalex.org/W2895690683","https://openalex.org/W2899725893","https://openalex.org/W2914577191","https://openalex.org/W2914597273","https://openalex.org/W2948426653","https://openalex.org/W2953789182","https://openalex.org/W2955364346","https://openalex.org/W3013640143","https://openalex.org/W3083214190","https://openalex.org/W3099824810","https://openalex.org/W3190249204","https://openalex.org/W4210712301","https://openalex.org/W4239234361","https://openalex.org/W4244488020","https://openalex.org/W4249936308","https://openalex.org/W4285110986","https://openalex.org/W4308419624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495872178","https://openalex.org/W1522712643","https://openalex.org/W2136070637","https://openalex.org/W2102135785","https://openalex.org/W2783071694","https://openalex.org/W1553849808","https://openalex.org/W1976268573","https://openalex.org/W2089212807","https://openalex.org/W1586382855","https://openalex.org/W1569743961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"models":[1],"for":[2],"the":[3,46,101,136,162,171],"analysis":[4],"of":[5,67,138,154,164,168,173],"concurrent":[6],"processes":[7,15],"tend":[8],"to":[9,54,98,132,141,170],"focus":[10],"on":[11,74,128,135,146],"fail-stop":[12,109],"failures,":[13,72,113,144],"where":[14],"are":[16,31,39],"either":[17],"working":[18],"or":[19],"permanently":[20],"stopped,":[21],"and":[22,43,90,111,145],"their":[23,139],"state":[24],"(working/stopped)":[25],"is":[26],"known.":[27],"In":[28],"fact,":[29],"systems":[30,69,134,169],"often":[32],"affected":[33],"by":[34],"grey":[35,71,116],"failures:":[36],"failures":[37,117],"that":[38,51,94],"latent,":[40],"possibly":[41],"transient,":[42],"may":[44],"affect":[45],"system":[47],"in":[48,100],"subtle":[49],"ways":[50],"later":[52],"lead":[53],"major":[55],"issues":[56],"(such":[57],"as":[58,82],"crashes,":[59],"limited":[60],"availability,":[61],"overload).":[62],"We":[63,121],"introduce":[64],"a":[65,91,123],"model":[66,93,105],"actor-based":[68],"with":[70,87],"based":[73,127],"two":[75],"interlinked":[76],"layers:":[77],"an":[78,83],"actor":[79],"model,":[80],"given":[81],"asynchronous":[84],"process":[85],"calculus":[86],"discrete":[88],"time,":[89],"failure":[92,96,104],"represents":[95],"patterns":[97],"inject":[99],"system.":[102],"Our":[103],"captures":[106],"not":[107],"only":[108],"node":[110],"link":[112],"but":[114],"also":[115],"(e.g.,":[118],"partial,":[119],"transient).":[120],"give":[122],"behavioural":[124],"equivalence":[125],"relation":[126],"weak":[129],"barbed":[130],"bisimulation":[131],"compare":[133],"basis":[137,148],"ability":[140],"recover":[142],"from":[143],"this":[147],"we":[149,160],"define":[150],"some":[151],"desirable":[152],"properties":[153,167],"reliable":[155],"systems.":[156],"By":[157],"doing":[158],"so,":[159],"reduce":[161],"problem":[163,172],"checking":[165,174],"reliability":[166],"bisimulation.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}