{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026906501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.9.6.1494-1502","title":"Building a Biased Least Squares Support Vector Machine Classifier for Positive and Unlabeled Learning","display_name":"Building a Biased Least Squares Support Vector Machine Classifier for Positive and Unlabeled Learning","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026906501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.9.6.1494-1502","mag":"2026906501"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4304/jsw.9.6.1494-1502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.9.6.1494-1502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114141714","display_name":"Journal of Software","issn_l":"1796-217X","issn":["1796-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016896170","display_name":"Ting Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4504-4827"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075585990","display_name":"Lujia Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lujia Song","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005592510","display_name":"Bing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0585-0579"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100581129","display_name":"Xinbin Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043753704","display_name":"Ling Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7813-6512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Agricultural University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0832042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8502688407897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-support-vector-machine","display_name":"Least squares support vector machine","score":0.7167890667915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.679129421710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6237970590591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6078681945800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5765836238861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4660917818546295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin-classifier","display_name":"Margin classifier","score":0.43848180770874023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8502688407897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145828037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086219","display_name":"Least squares support vector machine","level":3,"score":0.7167890667915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.679129421710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6237970590591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6078681945800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5765836238861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4660917818546295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173102733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760396","display_name":"Margin classifier","level":3,"score":0.43848180770874023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4304/jsw.9.6.1494-1502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.9.6.1494-1502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114141714","display_name":"Journal of Software","issn_l":"1796-217X","issn":["1796-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3310308","https://openalex.org/W120250592","https://openalex.org/W1538189649","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1861993554","https://openalex.org/W1968307462","https://openalex.org/W1968329810","https://openalex.org/W1987068357","https://openalex.org/W1994326748","https://openalex.org/W2003853684","https://openalex.org/W2048247819","https://openalex.org/W2050871273","https://openalex.org/W2078212705","https://openalex.org/W2091061757","https://openalex.org/W2101029276","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2123958887","https://openalex.org/W2130652100","https://openalex.org/W2133227149","https://openalex.org/W2134510195","https://openalex.org/W2146807976","https://openalex.org/W2149684865","https://openalex.org/W2150028022","https://openalex.org/W2156772624","https://openalex.org/W2158685856","https://openalex.org/W2413535096","https://openalex.org/W2531563875","https://openalex.org/W2914453346","https://openalex.org/W3145142050","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6604875989","https://openalex.org/W6639315830","https://openalex.org/W6647159560","https://openalex.org/W6678279555","https://openalex.org/W6679740073","https://openalex.org/W6682304300","https://openalex.org/W6824736413","https://openalex.org/W7033836176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382231800","https://openalex.org/W2384390720","https://openalex.org/W2538830880","https://openalex.org/W2350302603","https://openalex.org/W2134202645","https://openalex.org/W2394871888","https://openalex.org/W2297694731","https://openalex.org/W2122277321","https://openalex.org/W4253128984","https://openalex.org/W2769345709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"from":[1],"positive":[2,97,112,170],"and":[3,80,98,143,195,209,216,225,233],"unlabeled":[4,73,173],"examples":[5,74,77,100,113,140,171],"(PU":[6],"learning)":[7],"is":[8,22,25,45,61,149,181,197,220],"a":[9,52,82,166,198],"special":[10],"case":[11],"of":[12,19,42,47,96,120,138,157,163,169,179,185],"semi-supervised":[13],"binary":[14],"classification.":[15],"The":[16,201],"key":[17],"feature":[18],"PU":[20,64,116],"learning":[21,65],"that":[23,162,184,218],"there":[24],"no":[26],"labeled":[27],"negative":[28,76,99],"training":[29],"data,":[30],"which":[31,44],"makes":[32],"the":[33,40,48,118,125,135,155,176,213],"traditional":[34],"classification":[35,208,211],"techniques":[36],"inapplicable.":[37],"Similar":[38],"to":[39,107,191],"idea":[41],"Biased-SVM":[43,153,164,196,224],"one":[46],"most":[49],"famous":[50],"classifier,":[51],"biased":[53],"least":[54,83],"squares":[55,84],"support":[56,85],"vector":[57,86],"machine":[58,87],"classifier":[59,88,127],"(Biased-LSSVM)":[60],"proposed":[62,126],"for":[63],"in":[66,115,172],"this":[67],"paper.":[68],"More":[69],"specifically,":[70],"we":[71,103],"take":[72],"as":[75,109,111,230],"with":[78,123],"noise":[79],"build":[81],"using":[89],"two":[90,204],"penalty":[91],"parametersandto":[92],"weight":[93],"misclassification":[94],"errors":[95],"respectively.":[101],"As":[102],"pay":[104],"more":[105,141,150,221],"attention":[106],"classify":[108],"many":[110],"correctly":[114],"learning,":[117],"relationship":[119],"parametersandis.":[121],"Compared":[122],"Biased-SVM,":[124,186],"has":[128],"three":[129],"advantages.":[130],"First,":[131],"Biased-LSSVM":[132,148,158,180,188,219],"can":[133],"reflect":[134],"class":[136],"labels":[137],"all":[139],"sufficiently":[142],"accurately":[144],"than":[145,152,161,183,223],"Biased-SVM.":[146],"Second,":[147],"stable":[151],"because":[154],"performance":[156],"changes":[159],"less":[160],"over":[165],"wide":[167],"ratio":[168],"examples.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"time":[177],"complexity":[178],"lower":[182],"where":[187],"only":[189],"need":[190],"solve":[192],"liner":[193],"equations":[194],"quadratic":[199],"programming.":[200],"Experiments":[202],"on":[203],"real":[205],"applications,":[206],"text":[207],"bioinformatics":[210],"verify":[212],"above":[214],"opinions":[215],"show":[217],"effective":[222],"other":[226],"popular":[227],"methods,":[228],"such":[229],"EB-SVM,":[231],"ROC-SVM":[232],"S-EM.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
