{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038014490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.9.2213-2217","title":"A Structural Method for Online Sketched Symbol Recognition","display_name":"A Structural Method for Online Sketched Symbol Recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038014490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.9.2213-2217","mag":"2038014490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4304/jsw.8.9.2213-2217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.9.2213-2217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114141714","display_name":"Journal of Software","issn_l":"1796-217X","issn":["1796-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764220","display_name":"Wei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-3805"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100293858","display_name":"Lingda Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingda Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749334","display_name":"Chao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4057-0337"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071634790","display_name":"Zhongwen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-8518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongwen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Univ.,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Univ.,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100764220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11661808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9281889796257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.6570211052894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.42447489500045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3668462336063385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35847893357276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15050801634788513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9281889796257019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.6570211052894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.42447489500045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3668462336063385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35847893357276917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15050801634788513}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4304/jsw.8.9.2213-2217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.9.2213-2217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114141714","display_name":"Journal of Software","issn_l":"1796-217X","issn":["1796-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106033549","https://openalex.org/W1976890290","https://openalex.org/W2024718033","https://openalex.org/W2080009145","https://openalex.org/W2082472820","https://openalex.org/W2098836165","https://openalex.org/W2115675483","https://openalex.org/W2149490316","https://openalex.org/W6670945619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W2376208682","https://openalex.org/W4246219814","https://openalex.org/W4240806619","https://openalex.org/W2368886944","https://openalex.org/W4254609622","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increasing":[1],"availability":[2],"of":[3,23,71,88],"pen-based":[4],"hardware":[5],"has":[6],"resulted":[7],"in":[8,12,14,21],"a":[9,42,60],"parallel":[10],"growth":[11],"research":[13],"sketch":[15],"recognition.":[16],"However,":[17],"many":[18],"challenges":[19],"remain":[20],"terms":[22],"recognition":[24,50],"accuracy,":[25],"robustness":[26],"to":[27,46,77],"different":[28],"drawing":[29],"styles,":[30],"rotational":[31],"invariance,":[32],"and":[33,63,79],"the":[34,56,64,86,89],"number":[35],"training":[36],"samples.":[37],"To":[38],"address":[39],"these":[40],"challenges,":[41],"new":[43],"structural":[44],"approach":[45],"online":[47],"sketched":[48],"symbol":[49,62],"was":[51],"proposed,":[52],"which":[53],"focuses":[54],"on":[55,82],"primitive":[57],"correspondence":[58],"between":[59],"input":[61],"reference":[65],"one.":[66],"This":[67],"method":[68],"is":[69],"independent":[70],"stroke-order,-number,":[72],"as":[73,75],"well":[74],"invariant":[76],"scaling":[78],"rotation.":[80],"Experiments":[81],"two":[83],"datasets":[84],"show":[85],"effectiveness":[87],"proposed":[90],"approach.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}