{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991795158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.11.2723-2732","title":"Hierarchical Detection of Hard Exudates in Color Retinal Images","display_name":"Hierarchical Detection of Hard Exudates in Color Retinal Images","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991795158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.11.2723-2732","mag":"1991795158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4304/jsw.8.11.2723-2732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.11.2723-2732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114141714","display_name":"Journal of Software","issn_l":"1796-217X","issn":["1796-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065532751","display_name":"Wei Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-0034"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030966569","display_name":"Xiangqian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-8757"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangqian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441956","display_name":"Xiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2374-0020"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057728371","display_name":"Baisheng Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baisheng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081186911","display_name":"Yalin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-0922"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yalin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8226345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8951299786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5420215725898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5138990879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47771406173706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3707156181335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.10851463675498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.04602473974227905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8951299786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5420215725898743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5138990879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47771406173706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3707156181335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.10851463675498962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.04602473974227905}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4304/jsw.8.11.2723-2732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jsw.8.11.2723-2732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114141714","display_name":"Journal of Software","issn_l":"1796-217X","issn":["1796-217X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1507470219","https://openalex.org/W1561442812","https://openalex.org/W1635902333","https://openalex.org/W2001457150","https://openalex.org/W2003853684","https://openalex.org/W2034598891","https://openalex.org/W2037953114","https://openalex.org/W2041535050","https://openalex.org/W2057582987","https://openalex.org/W2059036143","https://openalex.org/W2072263135","https://openalex.org/W2083335615","https://openalex.org/W2086106167","https://openalex.org/W2097570228","https://openalex.org/W2108995755","https://openalex.org/W2121737033","https://openalex.org/W2141957843","https://openalex.org/W2142866653","https://openalex.org/W2145804638","https://openalex.org/W2158518042","https://openalex.org/W2162698990","https://openalex.org/W2164323233","https://openalex.org/W2166466781","https://openalex.org/W2166524747","https://openalex.org/W3134819675","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1891287906","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2058170566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3,30,47],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,22,28,39,60,124,131],"the":[6,16,112,116],"common":[7],"causes":[8],"blindness,":[10],"and":[11,18,35,65,97,108,120,126],"hard":[12],"exudates":[13],"(HEs)":[14],"are":[15],"primary":[17],"early":[19],"clinical":[20,33],"signs":[21],"DR.":[23],"Thus,":[24],"a":[25,44,99,122,127],"reliable":[26],"detection":[27],"HEs":[29,51,73,107,141],"significant":[31],"for":[32,93],"diagnosis":[34],"preventing":[36],"vision":[37],"loss":[38],"patients.":[40],"In":[41,68],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"novel":[45],"method":[46,58,114,138],"presented":[48],"to":[49,105],"detect":[50,140],"automatically":[52],"in":[53,85],"color":[54],"retinal":[55],"images.":[56],"The":[57],"consists":[59],"two":[61],"stages:":[62],"coarse":[63,69],"level":[64],"fine":[66,86],"level.":[67],"level,":[70,87],"we":[71,88],"extract":[72],"can-":[74],"didate":[75],"regions":[76],"by":[77],"combining":[78],"histogram":[79],"segmentation":[80],"with":[81],"morphological":[82],"reconstruction.":[83],"While":[84],"define":[89],"44":[90],"representative":[91],"features":[92],"each":[94],"candidate":[95],"region,":[96],"train":[98],"support":[100],"vector":[101],"machine":[102],"(SVM)":[103],"model":[104],"classify":[106],"non-HEs.":[109],"We":[110],"evaluate":[111],"proposed":[113],"on":[115],"public":[117],"DIARETDB1":[118],"database":[119],"yield":[121],"sensitivity":[123],"94.7%":[125],"positive":[128],"predictive":[129],"value":[130],"90.0%.":[132],"Experiment":[133],"results":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136],"our":[137],"can":[139],"efficiently.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}