{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025473630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jnw.8.2.317-330","title":"LOARP: A Low Overhead Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","display_name":"LOARP: A Low Overhead Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025473630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jnw.8.2.317-330","mag":"2025473630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4304/jnw.8.2.317-330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jnw.8.2.317-330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189188848","display_name":"Journal of Networks","issn_l":"1796-2056","issn":["1796-2056"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/LOARP_A_low_overhead_routing_protocol_for_underwater_acoustic_sensor_networks/20715697","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011251566","display_name":"Rony Hasinur Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rony Hasinur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052619095","display_name":"Craig H. Benson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-382X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Benson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016008862","display_name":"Frank Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3088-8525"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091837338","display_name":"Michael R. Frater","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Frater","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011251566"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8808907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8196156024932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7214012145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6706914901733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6413238644599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.631187915802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.566832423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zone-routing-protocol","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","score":0.4678077697753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4511796236038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4437847435474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3909010589122772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.37521761655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.31123632192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18088999390602112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8196156024932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7214012145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6706914901733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6413238644599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.631187915802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.566832423210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189884158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8073926","display_name":"Zone Routing Protocol","level":5,"score":0.4678077697753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4511796236038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4437847435474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3909010589122772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.37521761655807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31123632192611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18088999390602112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4304/jnw.8.2.317-330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jnw.8.2.317-330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189188848","display_name":"Journal of Networks","issn_l":"1796-2056","issn":["1796-2056"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.868.253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.868.253","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jnw/article/download/jnw0802317330/6525/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30135193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20715697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/LOARP_A_low_overhead_routing_protocol_for_underwater_acoustic_sensor_networks/20715697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20715697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/LOARP_A_low_overhead_routing_protocol_for_underwater_acoustic_sensor_networks/20715697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58949250","https://openalex.org/W143389839","https://openalex.org/W1495606459","https://openalex.org/W1554648094","https://openalex.org/W1567086063","https://openalex.org/W1623265984","https://openalex.org/W1634782639","https://openalex.org/W1862916278","https://openalex.org/W1965703925","https://openalex.org/W1985419877","https://openalex.org/W2030824584","https://openalex.org/W2035776116","https://openalex.org/W2040228414","https://openalex.org/W2080979018","https://openalex.org/W2086331906","https://openalex.org/W2091936226","https://openalex.org/W2100652143","https://openalex.org/W2101382461","https://openalex.org/W2101804984","https://openalex.org/W2102258543","https://openalex.org/W2104881750","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2106422393","https://openalex.org/W2107462665","https://openalex.org/W2115763491","https://openalex.org/W2116687437","https://openalex.org/W2117526746","https://openalex.org/W2119710605","https://openalex.org/W2122734354","https://openalex.org/W2124651399","https://openalex.org/W2125367520","https://openalex.org/W2125572812","https://openalex.org/W2125737325","https://openalex.org/W2128462811","https://openalex.org/W2129945958","https://openalex.org/W2131480096","https://openalex.org/W2131791946","https://openalex.org/W2136982639","https://openalex.org/W2139826438","https://openalex.org/W2141351878","https://openalex.org/W2142129619","https://openalex.org/W2143514830","https://openalex.org/W2143742289","https://openalex.org/W2145013851","https://openalex.org/W2145967148","https://openalex.org/W2148251644","https://openalex.org/W2149472588","https://openalex.org/W2153182694","https://openalex.org/W2154804934","https://openalex.org/W2155864758","https://openalex.org/W2160326135","https://openalex.org/W2167640605","https://openalex.org/W2170469173","https://openalex.org/W2269961218","https://openalex.org/W3217029243","https://openalex.org/W6602317764","https://openalex.org/W6671115133","https://openalex.org/W6674914144","https://openalex.org/W6675281629","https://openalex.org/W6681250229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126842185","https://openalex.org/W2546592407","https://openalex.org/W2011277702","https://openalex.org/W1593279778","https://openalex.org/W3022598921","https://openalex.org/W2544170366","https://openalex.org/W2145414295","https://openalex.org/W3192945866","https://openalex.org/W2035482066","https://openalex.org/W1680412704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"\u2014":[1],"Underwater":[2],"wireless":[3,76],"communications":[4],"among":[5,49],"un-derwater":[6],"sensor":[7,130],"nodes":[8],"enable":[9,25],"a":[10,118,146,154,163,181],"large":[11],"number":[12],"of":[13,27,33,56,63,81,158,165,205,218,226,256,263],"scien-tific,":[14],"environmental":[15],"and":[16,31,60,65,90,97,235],"military":[17],"applications.":[18],"For":[19],"example,":[20],"autonomous":[21],"underwater":[22,43,50,70,82,128],"vehicles":[23],"will":[24],"exploration":[26],"deep":[28],"sea":[29],"resources":[30],"gathering":[32],"scientific":[34],"data":[35,189,212],"for":[36,127],"collaborative":[37],"missions.":[38],"In":[39],"order":[40],"to":[41,104,152,172,242],"make":[42],"applications":[44],"possible,":[45],"real-time":[46],"communication":[47,99],"protocols":[48,100],"devices":[51,71,107],"must":[52],"be":[53,110],"enabled.":[54],"Because":[55],"the":[57,203,219,254,261,264],"high":[58,91],"attenuation":[59],"scattering":[61],"effect":[62],"radio":[64],"optical":[66],"waves,":[67],"respectively,":[68],"these":[69],"are":[72,240],"based":[73],"on":[74],"acoustic":[75,83,129],"technology.":[77],"The":[78,132,168,216,238],"unique":[79],"characteristics":[80],"channel-":[84],"such":[85],"as":[86],"distance-dependent":[87],"limited":[88],"bandwidth":[89],"propagation":[92],"delays,":[93],"require":[94],"new,":[95],"efficient":[96],"reliable":[98],"over":[101],"multiple":[102,106],"hops":[103],"network":[105,188,227],"which":[108,150,208],"may":[109],"either":[111,185],"static":[112],"or":[113,193],"mobile.":[114],"This":[115],"paper":[116],"proposes":[117],"new":[119],"low":[120],"overhead":[121],"ad":[122],"hoc":[123],"routing":[124,166,175,200,248,257],"protocol":[125,133,170,221],"designed":[126],"network.":[131,265],"performs":[134],"route":[135,147,159],"discovery":[136],"when":[137],"needed":[138],"in":[139,180,209,224],"an":[140],"on-demand":[141,247],"manner.":[142],"It":[143],"also":[144],"characterises":[145],"maintenance":[148],"phase":[149],"tries":[151,171],"recover":[153],"failed":[155],"route.":[156],"Detection":[157],"failure":[160,179],"can":[161,259],"generate":[162],"lot":[164],"traffic.":[167],"proposed":[169,220],"minimize":[173],"this":[174],"traffic":[176,190,201,258],"by":[177,186],"detecting":[178],"more":[182],"intelligent":[183],"way":[184],"monitoring":[187],"(if":[191,197],"present)":[192],"generating":[194],"lazy":[195],"acknowledgements":[196],"necessary).":[198],"Reducing":[199],"minimizes":[202],"chance":[204],"packet":[206,213,229],"collisions":[207],"turn":[210],"increases":[211],"delivery":[214,230],"ratio.":[215],"performance":[217,262],"is":[222],"measured":[223],"terms":[225],"throughput,":[228],"ratio,":[231],"average":[232],"end-to-end":[233],"delay":[234],"control":[236],"overhead.":[237],"results":[239,251],"compared":[241],"those":[243],"obtained":[244],"using":[245],"similar":[246],"protocols.":[249],"Simulation":[250],"show":[252],"that":[253],"reduction":[255],"improve":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
