{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116184184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jcp.9.7.1628-1638","title":"Analysis and Determination of Inner Lip texture Descriptors for Visual Speech Representation","display_name":"Analysis and Determination of Inner Lip texture Descriptors for Visual Speech Representation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116184184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jcp.9.7.1628-1638","mag":"2116184184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4304/jcp.9.7.1628-1638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jcp.9.7.1628-1638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77894049","display_name":"Journal of Computers","issn_l":"1796-203X","issn":["1796-203X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100901621","display_name":"Xibin Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xibin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031384873","display_name":"Hua Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Du","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026324932","display_name":"Yanfang Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085737719","display_name":"David Powers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-2262"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M W Powers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16449863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9661999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.932699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6065974235534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.5885251760482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5823312401771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5036301016807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.480979323387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4620510935783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16034767031669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6065974235534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.5885251760482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5823312401771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5036301016807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.480979323387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4620510935783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16034767031669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4304/jcp.9.7.1628-1638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/jcp.9.7.1628-1638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77894049","display_name":"Journal of Computers","issn_l":"1796-203X","issn":["1796-203X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318660","host_organization_name":"Academy Publisher","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publisher"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48861992","https://openalex.org/W1721705433","https://openalex.org/W1882802185","https://openalex.org/W1894724970","https://openalex.org/W1919971835","https://openalex.org/W1963740019","https://openalex.org/W2035133811","https://openalex.org/W2096391593","https://openalex.org/W2101630471","https://openalex.org/W2121430128","https://openalex.org/W2121686674","https://openalex.org/W2131459862","https://openalex.org/W2141327721","https://openalex.org/W2147798484","https://openalex.org/W2166835904","https://openalex.org/W3034751874","https://openalex.org/W3141836680","https://openalex.org/W3144058330","https://openalex.org/W4301029681","https://openalex.org/W4365806309","https://openalex.org/W6601988845","https://openalex.org/W6631539414","https://openalex.org/W6637363707","https://openalex.org/W6679280305","https://openalex.org/W6681864582","https://openalex.org/W6778907217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062195135","https://openalex.org/W2795079307","https://openalex.org/W2793058541","https://openalex.org/W3118638206","https://openalex.org/W4324271173","https://openalex.org/W1983629434","https://openalex.org/W1967645776","https://openalex.org/W2352227742","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,89,150],"problem":[1],"of":[2,16,27,52,85,92,105,118],"visual":[3,119,180],"speech":[4,9,120],"representation":[5],"for":[6,102],"bimodal":[7,145],"based":[8,144],"recognition":[10],"includes":[11],"particular":[12],"challenges":[13],"in":[14,73,178],"themodeling":[15],"the":[17,25,53,68,75,86,100,103,106,115,124,140,155,162,168,175],"inner":[18,37,77,107,126,157,170],"lip":[19,38,78,108,127],"texture":[20,39,79,109,128,158,171],"reflecting":[21],"different":[22],"pronunciations,such":[23],"as":[24,99,161,174],"appearance":[26],"teeth":[28],"and":[29,45,130],"tongue.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32,138],"proposesand":[33],"analyzesseveral":[34],"possible":[35],"statistical":[36,176],"descriptors":[40],"to":[41,58],"determine":[42],"an":[43],"effective":[44],"discriminantfeature.":[46],"Simply":[47],"usinggrayscale":[48],"without":[49],"full":[50],"specification":[51],"underlying":[54],"colour":[55],"model":[56],"tends":[57],"loss":[59],"some":[60],"significant":[61],"discriminative":[62],"information.":[63],"Therefore":[64],"thorough":[65],"exploration":[66],"on":[67,123],"color":[69,94,163],"space":[70,95],"components":[71],"selection":[72],"computing":[74],"local":[76,156],"is":[80,96,121],"thus":[81],"a":[82],"primary":[83],"goal":[84],"present":[87],"research.":[88],"L":[90],"channel":[91],"Lab":[93],"finally":[97],"determined":[98],"basis":[101],"development":[104,141],"model.":[110],"Through":[111],"feature":[112],"level":[113],"fusion,":[114],"final":[116],"classification":[117],"performedbased":[122],"proposed":[125],"descriptor":[129],"standard":[131],"geometric":[132,166],"features.":[133],"Together":[134],"with":[135,165],"audio":[136],"speech,this":[137],"furthers":[139],"ofthe":[142],"CHMM":[143],"Chinese":[146],"character":[147],"pronunciationrecognition":[148],"system.":[149],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154],"descriptors,":[159,172],"such":[160,173],"moment":[164],"feature,outperform":[167],"holistic":[169],"histogram,":[177],"representing":[179],"speechwith":[181],"theclose":[182],"discriminability":[183],"but":[184],"low":[185],"dimensionality.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}