{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417247535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.fsttcs.2025.45","title":"A Characterization of Spartan Graphs and New Lower Bounds for Eternal Vertex Cover","display_name":"A Characterization of Spartan Graphs and New Lower Bounds for Eternal Vertex Cover","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417247535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.fsttcs.2025.45"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.06832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06832","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.06832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.06832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069283977","display_name":"Neeldhara Misra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27674431","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/0036p5w23","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27674431"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Misra, Neeldhara","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT Gandhinagar, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT Gandhinagar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27674431"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058490434","display_name":"Saraswati Girish Nanoti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanoti, Saraswati Girish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069283977"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27674431"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37481844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10374","display_name":"Advanced Graph Theory Research","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12541","display_name":"Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartite-graph","display_name":"Bipartite graph","score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spartan","display_name":"Spartan","score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex-cover","display_name":"Vertex cover","score":0.3488999903202057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.7777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10689553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405953","display_name":"Spartan","level":3,"score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40687702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11515519","display_name":"Vertex cover","level":3,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134119311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913598","display_name":"Complete bipartite graph","level":4,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018234147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Undirected graph","level":3,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161677786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2478475","display_name":"Neighbourhood (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136979486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773483","display_name":"Existential quantification","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76444178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72897900","display_name":"Connectivity","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.06832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06832","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.06832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:25125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.45","pdf_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol360-fsttcs2025/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.45/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2025.45.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.06832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.06832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.4230/lipics.fsttcs.2025.45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.fsttcs.2025.45","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052059","display_name":"Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2504.06832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06832","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.06832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5620128381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECR/2018/002967","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318581","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/0036p5w23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417247535.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417247535.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,27,49,72],"eternal":[1,85],"vertex":[2,86,103],"cover":[3,87,104],"game":[4],"is":[5,82,98,110,117,123],"played":[6],"between":[7],"an":[8,14,33],"attacker":[9],"and":[10,36,67,126],"a":[11,41,69,120,133,160,171],"defender":[12,19,38,50],"on":[13,29,165],"undirected":[15],"graph":[16,95,109,122],"G.":[17],"identifies":[20],"k":[21],"vertices":[22],"to":[23,45,68,78,132],"position":[24],"guards":[25,54,76],"initially.":[26],"attacker,":[28],"their":[30],"turn,":[31],"attacks":[32,80],"edge":[34,130],"e,":[35],"the":[37,47,58,84,139,147],"must":[39],"move":[40,52],"guard":[42,62],"along":[43],"e":[44],"defend":[46,79],"attack.":[48],"may":[51],"other":[53],"as":[55],"well,":[56],"under":[57],"constraint":[59],"that":[60,119,138,143],"every":[61,129],"moves":[63],"at":[64,99],"most":[65],"once":[66],"neighboring":[70],"vertex.":[71],"smallest":[73],"number":[74,88,105],"of":[75,89,106,175],"required":[77],"forever":[81],"called":[83],"G,":[90,96],"denoted":[91],"evc(G).":[92],"For":[93],"any":[94],"evc(G)":[97,113],"least":[100],"mvc(G)":[101],"(the":[102],"G).":[107],"A":[108],"Spartan":[111,124,145,149,177],"if":[112,125,128],"=":[114],"mvc(G).":[115],"It":[116],"known":[118,161],"bipartite":[121,148],"only":[127,140],"belongs":[131],"perfect":[134],"matching.":[135],"We":[136,151,168],"show":[137,170],"K\u00f6nig":[141],"graphs":[142],"are":[144,146],"graphs.":[150,178],"also":[152],"give":[153],"new":[154,172],"lower":[155,162],"bounds":[156],"for":[157],"evc(G),":[158],"generalizing":[159],"bound":[163],"based":[164],"cut":[166],"vertices.":[167],"finally":[169],"matching-based":[173],"characterization":[174],"all":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-23T09:07:50.710637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}