{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162503938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.socg.2026.44","title":"Tilt Automata: Gathering Particles with Uniform External Control","display_name":"Tilt Automata: Gathering Particles with Uniform External Control","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162503938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.socg.2026.44"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:25850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44","pdf_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol367-socg2026/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol367-socg2026/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007981973","display_name":"S \u0301andor P. Fekete","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136150","display_name":"L3S Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039t4wk02","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103","https://openalex.org/I4210136150","https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fekete, S\u00e1ndor P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, TU Braunschweig, Germany","L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-4241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115911182","display_name":"Jonas Friemel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141069","display_name":"Bochum University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04x02q560","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friemel, Jonas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6270-4779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494857","display_name":"Peter Kr\u00e4mer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-5890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kramer, Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, TU Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-5890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022460150","display_name":"Jan-Marc Reinhardt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141069","display_name":"Bochum University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04x02q560","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhardt, Jan-Marc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8907-3832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069173698","display_name":"Christian Rieck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-5163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rieck, Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics, University of Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-5163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics, University of Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080464077","display_name":"Christian Scheffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-2706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141069","display_name":"Bochum University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04x02q560","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scheffer, Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-2706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141069"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81057693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.13120000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.13120000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.12759999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.08839999884366989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyomino","display_name":"Polyomino","score":0.9896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronizing","display_name":"Synchronizing","score":0.722599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tilt","display_name":"Tilt (camera)","score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.42089998722076416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69919132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144819","display_name":"Polyomino","level":3,"score":0.9896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162932704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Synchronizing","level":3,"score":0.722599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779844322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919140","display_name":"Tilt (camera)","level":2,"score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5745999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94931360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607728","display_name":"Irrational number","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:25850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44","pdf_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol367-socg2026/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"doi:10.4230/lipics.socg.2026.44","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.socg.2026.44","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052059","display_name":"Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:25850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44","pdf_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/storage/00lipics/lipics-vol367-socg2026/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44/LIPIcs.SoCG.2026.44.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7598646879196167}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162503938.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7162503938.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivated":[0],"by":[1,42,144],"targeted":[2],"drug":[3],"delivery,":[4],"we":[5,131,167],"investigate":[6],"the":[7,12,28,51,58,104,119,173],"gathering":[8,84,98],"of":[9,16,23,30,50,67,121,175],"particles":[10,24,35,72,105],"in":[11,48,85,106,157],"full":[13],"tilt":[14,170],"model":[15],"externally":[17],"controlled":[18],"motion":[19],"planning:":[20],"A":[21],"set":[22],"is":[25,62],"located":[26],"at":[27],"tiles":[29],"a":[31,65,74,80,86,107,129,149,165],"polyomino":[32,89,110],"with":[33],"all":[34,71],"reacting":[36],"uniformly":[37],"to":[38,63,73,118],"an":[39,135],"external":[40],"force":[41],"moving":[43],"as":[44,46,90,92],"far":[45],"possible":[47],"one":[49],"four":[52],"axis-parallel":[53],"directions":[54,68],"until":[55],"they":[56],"hit":[57],"boundary.":[59],"The":[60],"goal":[61],"choose":[64],"sequence":[66],"that":[69,146],"moves":[70],"common":[75],"position.":[76],"Our":[77,161],"results":[78,162],"include":[79],"polynomial-time":[81],"algorithm":[82],"for":[83,95,101],"completely":[87],"filled":[88,109],"well":[91],"hardness":[93],"reductions":[94],"approximating":[96],"shortest":[97],"sequences":[99],"and":[100,172],"determining":[102],"whether":[103,148],"partially":[108],"can":[111,152],"be":[112,153],"gathered.":[113],"We":[114],"pay":[115],"special":[116],"attention":[117],"impact":[120],"restricted":[122],"geometry,":[123],"particularly":[124],"polyominoes":[125,158],"without":[126,159],"holes.":[127,160],"As":[128],"corollary,":[130],"make":[132],"progress":[133],"on":[134,164],"open":[136],"question":[137],"from":[138],"[Balanza-Martinez":[139],"et":[140],"al.,":[141],"SODA":[142],"2020]":[143],"showing":[145],"deciding":[147],"given":[150],"position":[151],"occupied":[154],"remains":[155],"NP-hard":[156],"build":[163],"connection":[166],"establish":[168],"between":[169],"models":[171],"theory":[174],"synchronizing":[176],"automata.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}
