{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2810647797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.ecrts.2018.13","title":"Virtual Timing Isolation for Mixed-Criticality Systems","display_name":"Virtual Timing Isolation for Mixed-Criticality Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2810647797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.ecrts.2018.13","mag":"2810647797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:8990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"InProceedings"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.13","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056070224","display_name":"Johannes Freitag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2654-9440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Freitag, Johannes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus, Munich, Germany","Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104358289","display_name":"Sascha Uhrig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136903","display_name":"Airbus (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a3akw68","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uhrig, Sascha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airbus, Munich, Germany","TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airbus, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136903"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113507556","display_name":"Theo Ungerer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179225836","display_name":"University of Augsburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03p14d497","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179225836"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ungerer, Theo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179225836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056070224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I4210136903"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0099,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74223906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"106","issue":null,"first_page":"23","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slowdown","display_name":"Slowdown","score":0.8337475061416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.8328402638435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7820452451705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6738861799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criticality","display_name":"Criticality","score":0.5730546116828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-timing-analysis","display_name":"Static timing analysis","score":0.5666363835334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.48452895879745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-criticality","display_name":"Mixed criticality","score":0.4659118950366974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avionics","display_name":"Avionics","score":0.4532448351383209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-core","display_name":"Single-core","score":0.453213632106781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44740912318229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.4335183799266815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40541380643844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3237631320953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28488561511039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08939352631568909}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777242750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31351","display_name":"Slowdown","level":2,"score":0.8337475061416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.8328402638435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7820452451705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6738861799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125611927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008131","display_name":"Criticality","level":2,"score":0.5730546116828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025226","display_name":"Static timing analysis","level":2,"score":0.5666363835334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.48452895879745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781124451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883956","display_name":"Mixed criticality","level":3,"score":0.4659118950366974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15792166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221329","display_name":"Avionics","level":2,"score":0.4532448351383209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047934","display_name":"Single-core","level":2,"score":0.453213632106781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44740912318229675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.4335183799266815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40541380643844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3237631320953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28488561511039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08939352631568909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:8990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"InProceedings"},{"id":"doi:10.4230/lipics.ecrts.2018.13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4230/lipics.ecrts.2018.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052059","display_name":"Dagstuhl Research Online Publication Server","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":""},{"id":"mag:2810647797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ecrts/ecrts2018.html#FreitagUU18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418302","display_name":"Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drops-oai.dagstuhl.de:8990","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ECRTS.2018.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196569","display_name":"DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799853480","host_organization_name":"Schloss Dagstuhl \u2013 Leibniz Center for Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"InProceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767750561","https://openalex.org/W778793763","https://openalex.org/W2550710115","https://openalex.org/W3024374762","https://openalex.org/W2935450670","https://openalex.org/W1505755487","https://openalex.org/W2750151617","https://openalex.org/W2159479144","https://openalex.org/W2075475502","https://openalex.org/W2311995047","https://openalex.org/W2884663571","https://openalex.org/W2130767607","https://openalex.org/W2095988574","https://openalex.org/W2148708361","https://openalex.org/W1969421990","https://openalex.org/W1976813838","https://openalex.org/W2741599236","https://openalex.org/W2130059423","https://openalex.org/W2148085107","https://openalex.org/W2295395196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Commercial":[0],"of":[1,30,64,112,130,134,164,171,188,215,235,244,250,257,263],"the":[2,51,58,65,68,98,101,110,117,122,127,132,135,145,156,165,169,172,179,216,221,261],"shelf":[3],"multicore":[4,52,95],"processors":[5],"suffer":[6],"from":[7,38,126],"timing":[8,28,133,233],"interferences":[9,104],"between":[10],"cores":[11,114,158],"which":[12],"complicates":[13],"applying":[14],"them":[15],"in":[16,207,248,260],"hard":[17],"real-time":[18],"systems":[19],"like":[20],"avionic":[21],"applications.":[22],"This":[23,182],"paper":[24],"proposes":[25],"a":[26,79,91,138,192,230,240,251,264],"virtual":[27],"isolation":[29],"one":[31,36],"main":[32,59,118,128,173],"application":[33,60,137,174],"running":[34],"on":[35,47],"core":[37],"all":[39],"other":[40,146],"cores.":[41,147],"The":[42,73],"proposed":[43,204],"technique":[44],"is":[45,76,140,175],"based":[46,82],"hardware":[48],"external":[49],"to":[50,57,77,89,115,142,191,199],"processor":[53],"and":[54,88,205,256],"completely":[55],"transparent":[56],"i.e.,":[61],"no":[62],"modifications":[63],"software":[66],"including":[67],"operating":[69],"system":[70],"are":[71,159,203],"necessary.":[72],"basic":[74],"idea":[75],"apply":[78],"single-core":[80],"execution":[81,189],"Worst":[83],"Case":[84],"Execution":[85],"Time":[86],"analysis":[87],"accept":[90],"predefined":[92],"slowdown":[93,99,187,238,243],"during":[94],"execution.":[96],"If":[97],"exceeds":[100],"acceptable":[102,232],"bounds,":[103],"will":[105],"be":[106],"reduced":[107],"by":[108,177],"controlling":[109,155],"behavior":[111],"low-critical":[113],"keep":[116],"application's":[119,180],"progress":[120,170],"inside":[121],"given":[123,193,231],"bounds.":[124],"Apart":[125],"goal":[129],"isolating":[131],"critical":[136],"subgoal":[139],"also":[141],"efficiently":[143],"use":[144],"For":[148],"that":[149,226],"purpose,":[150],"three":[151],"different":[152],"mechanisms":[153],"for":[154],"non-critical":[157],"compared":[160,190],"regarding":[161],"efficient":[162],"usage":[163],"complete":[166],"processor.":[167],"Measuring":[168],"performed":[176],"tracking":[178],"Fingerprint.":[181],"technology":[183],"quantifies":[184],"online":[185],"any":[186],"baseline":[194],"(single-core":[195],"execution).":[196],"Several":[197],"countermeasures":[198],"compensate":[200],"unacceptable":[201],"slowdowns":[202],"evaluated":[206],"this":[208],"paper,":[209],"together":[210],"with":[211,239],"an":[212],"accuracy":[213],"evaluation":[214],"Fingerprinting.":[217],"Our":[218],"evaluations":[219],"using":[220],"TACLeBench":[222],"benchmark":[223],"suite":[224],"show":[225],"we":[227],"can":[228],"meet":[229],"bound":[234],"4":[236],"percent":[237,247,259],"resulting":[241],"real":[242],"only":[245],"3.27":[246],"case":[249,262],"pulse":[252],"width":[253],"modulated":[254],"control":[255],"4.44":[258],"frequency":[265],"scaling":[266],"control.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}