{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417200197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56","title":"Integrated Feature Fusion in Multiclass Maize Leaf Disease Recognition","display_name":"Integrated Feature Fusion in Multiclass Maize Leaf Disease Recognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417200197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56"},"language":"es","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56","pdf_url":"https://journal.iberamia.org/index.php/intartif/article/download/2079/270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203986","display_name":"INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL","issn_l":"1137-3601","issn":["1137-3601","1988-3064"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321681","host_organization_name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola para la Inteligencia Artificial","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola para la Inteligencia Artificial"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inteligencia Artificial","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.iberamia.org/index.php/intartif/article/download/2079/270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066760240","display_name":"Prabhnoor Bachhal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhnoor Bachhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024147005","display_name":"Vinay Kukreja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-0824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinay Kukreja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040850609","display_name":"Sachin Ahuja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-6685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101407740","display_name":"Chandigarh University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t4pvx35","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Ahuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chandigarh University, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chandigarh University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101407740"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054753083","display_name":"Vatsala Anand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6143-250X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vatsala Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24379243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"77","first_page":"40","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.8998000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.8998000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13324","display_name":"Scientific and Engineering Research Topics","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6689000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.33169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7391999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6689000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6291000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5666000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32690000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982962833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092450","display_name":"Information fusion","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56","pdf_url":"https://journal.iberamia.org/index.php/intartif/article/download/2079/270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203986","display_name":"INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL","issn_l":"1137-3601","issn":["1137-3601","1988-3064"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321681","host_organization_name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola para la Inteligencia Artificial","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola para la Inteligencia Artificial"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inteligencia Artificial","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e06a2a5b5bd9422ab05807c4ee647632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e06a2a5b5bd9422ab05807c4ee647632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Inteligencia Artificial, Vol 29, Iss 77 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol29iss77pp40-56","pdf_url":"https://journal.iberamia.org/index.php/intartif/article/download/2079/270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203986","display_name":"INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL","issn_l":"1137-3601","issn":["1137-3601","1988-3064"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321681","host_organization_name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola para la Inteligencia Artificial","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321681"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola para la Inteligencia Artificial"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Inteligencia Artificial","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323432","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417200197.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417200197.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"diseases":[1,53,68,179],"are":[2,33,92,130],"the":[3,107,115,118,124,131,138,161,182,193,206],"main":[4],"factor":[5],"in":[6,12,137,229],"plant":[7,31,51,66,177],"mortality":[8],"and":[9,21,30,35,56,64,90,145,153,160,186,204],"destruction,":[10],"especially":[11],"trees.":[13],"Early":[14],"discovery,":[15],"however,":[16],"can":[17],"assist":[18],"to":[19,75,105,122],"manage":[20],"treat":[22],"this":[23],"issue":[24,207],"efficiently.":[25],"To":[26],"increase":[27,123],"output,":[28],"crop":[29],"lesions":[32],"detected":[34],"stopped":[36],"as":[37,39,167],"soon":[38],"feasible.":[40],"Because":[41],"it":[42],"relies":[43],"solely":[44],"on":[45,181],"visual":[46],"observation,":[47],"manual":[48],"inspection":[49],"of":[50,96,208,227],"leaf":[52,67,178],"is":[54,103,197,212],"time-consuming":[55],"expensive.":[57],"The":[58,100,128,217],"authors":[59],"offer":[60],"methods":[61],"for":[62,175],"identifying":[63],"categorizing":[65],"using":[69,200],"computer":[70,97],"vision.":[71],"Pre-processing":[72],"original":[73],"images":[74],"visualize":[76],"contaminated":[77],"areas,":[78],"feature":[79,86,88,126,184],"extraction":[80],"from":[81],"unprocessed":[82],"or":[83],"segmented":[84],"images,":[85],"fusion,":[87],"selection,":[89],"classification":[91,150],"a":[93,168,173,187,201],"few":[94],"examples":[95],"vision":[98],"approaches.":[99],"fusion":[101,190],"technique":[102],"used":[104],"combine":[106],"target's":[108,125],"numerical":[109],"data":[110,215],"features,":[111],"which":[112,148],"go":[113],"beyond":[114],"picture,":[116],"with":[117,231],"extracted":[119],"image":[120],"features":[121],"representation.":[127],"following":[129],"principal":[132],"issues":[133],"that":[134],"researchers":[135],"found":[136],"literature:":[139],"Low-contrast":[140],"infected":[141],"regions.":[142],"Extract":[143],"redundant":[144],"irrelevant":[146,154],"information,":[147],"degrades":[149],"accuracy;":[151],"Redundant":[152],"information":[155],"may":[156],"lengthen":[157],"computation":[158],"times":[159],"targeted":[162],"models":[163],"performance":[164],"will":[165],"suffer":[166],"result.":[169],"This":[170],"study":[171],"proposed":[172,218],"framework":[174],"classifying":[176],"based":[180],"best":[183],"selection":[185],"deep":[188],"learning":[189],"model.":[191],"In":[192],"suggested":[194],"approach,":[195],"contrast":[196],"first":[198],"enhanced":[199],"pre-processing":[202],"model,":[203],"then":[205],"an":[209,225],"unbalanced":[210],"dataset":[211],"resolved":[213],"via":[214],"augmentation.":[216],"Deep":[219],"Fusion":[220],"Learning":[221],"Model":[222],"(DFLM)":[223],"shows":[224],"accuracy":[226],"98.8%":[228],"comparison":[230],"other":[232],"models.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-10T00:00:00"}