{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146371958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","title":"Field measurements of WSD DTT protection ratios over outdoor and indoor reference geometries","display_name":"Field measurements of WSD DTT protection ratios over outdoor and indoor reference geometries","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146371958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","mag":"2146371958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","pdf_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064911657","display_name":"Pekka Talmola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6144-8763"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Talmola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia, Finland,","Nokia, , Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia, Finland,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia, , Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063068724","display_name":"Juha Kalliovaara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Kalliovaara","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Turku, Finland,","University of Turku,Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku, Finland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Turku,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077847376","display_name":"Jarkko Paavola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-3610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16231767","display_name":"Turku University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04s0yt949","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarkko Paavola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054555547","display_name":"Reijo Ekman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7341-391X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16231767","display_name":"Turku University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04s0yt949","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reijo Ekman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055086572","display_name":"Atte Vainisto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16231767","display_name":"Turku University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04s0yt949","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atte Vainisto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017068708","display_name":"Niko Aurala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16231767","display_name":"Turku University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04s0yt949","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niko Aurala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied sciences, Finland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Turku University of Applied Sciences, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16231767"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008800996","display_name":"Heikki Kokkinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7201-0916"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Kokkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fairspectrum, Finland,","Fairspectrum, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairspectrum, Finland,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairspectrum, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043700177","display_name":"K. Heiska","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163533","display_name":"TeliaSonera (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05f6pr134","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170053871","https://openalex.org/I4210163533"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Heiska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digita, Finland,","Digita, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digita, Finland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digita, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036110624","display_name":"Risto Wichman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-5037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Risto Wichman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Finland","Aalto Univ. (Finland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto Univ. (Finland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068173798","display_name":"Jussi Poikonen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jussi Poikonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University, Finland","Aalto Univ. (Finland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto Univ. (Finland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068173798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89711205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.8491849899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.8004313111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-radiated-power","display_name":"Effective radiated power","score":0.587475597858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5793799161911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5149455666542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5139979720115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.49101829528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4615703821182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44783923029899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.44242358207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.43419748544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4310145974159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38054919242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3785537779331207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3408244848251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.281801700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25179123878479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20504721999168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.19122779369354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.189838707447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.15406113862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12707483768463135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.8491849899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.8004313111305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34556337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295986","display_name":"Effective radiated power","level":3,"score":0.587475597858429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5793799161911011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5149455666542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5139979720115662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49101829528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4615703821182251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44783923029899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.44242358207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.43419748544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4310145974159241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38054919242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3785537779331207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3408244848251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.281801700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25179123878479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20504721999168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.19122779369354248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.189838707447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.15406113862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12707483768463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","pdf_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","pdf_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/icst.crowncom.2012.248442","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321855","display_name":"Tekes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ag8cq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2146371958.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2146371958.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992901836","https://openalex.org/W2087600159","https://openalex.org/W2101408660","https://openalex.org/W2154610559","https://openalex.org/W2154814201","https://openalex.org/W2166506747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972428965","https://openalex.org/W2783146704","https://openalex.org/W1994734174","https://openalex.org/W2015863032","https://openalex.org/W2054318779","https://openalex.org/W4253729536","https://openalex.org/W4229995136","https://openalex.org/W2229545378","https://openalex.org/W2111066923","https://openalex.org/W2068546917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"currently":[1],"prevalent":[2],"view":[3],"of":[4,7],"the":[5,43],"operation":[6],"white":[8],"space":[9],"cognitive":[10],"radios":[11],"is":[12,39],"that":[13,33],"they":[14],"should":[15],"use":[16],"geolocation":[17],"databases":[18],"to":[19,36],"determine":[20],"their":[21],"frequency":[22],"band":[23],"and":[24],"maximum":[25],"transmission":[26],"power":[27],"in":[28],"any":[29],"given":[30],"location":[31],"so":[32],"interference":[34],"radiated":[35],"broadcast":[37],"receivers":[38],"negligible.":[40],"To":[41],"estimate":[42],"level":[44],"o":[45]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}