{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015948174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","title":"Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Rural Area Networks","display_name":"Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Rural Area Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015948174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","mag":"3015948174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","pdf_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739207905","display_name":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum","issn_l":"2312-6620","issn":["2312-6620"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321145","host_organization_name":"European Alliance for Innovation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Alliance for Innovation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038824760","display_name":"Johanna Vartiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0819-0924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Vartiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047866545","display_name":"Heikki Karvonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-0422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-0422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Karvonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063562055","display_name":"Marja Matinmikko\u2010Blue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-6344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-6344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marja Matinmikko-Blue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052917187","display_name":"Luciano Leonel Mendes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-7292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-7292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71346753","display_name":"National Institute of Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/0378w3a30","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Mendes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiocommunications Research Center , Inatel , Brazil","Radiocommunications Research Center, Inatel, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiocommunications Research Center , Inatel , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiocommunications Research Center, Inatel, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71346753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045845301","display_name":"Harri Saarnisaari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-3234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-3234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harri Saarnisaari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications , University of Oulu , Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112527113","display_name":"Alexandre Matos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Matos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Cear\u00e1 , Brazil","Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1 , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038824760"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2357,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56061694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"13","first_page":"163923","last_page":"163923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-detection","display_name":"energy detection","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-sensing","display_name":"spectrum sensing","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-networks","display_name":"rural networks","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-sharing","display_name":"spectrum sharing","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5g","display_name":"5G","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-frequency-band","display_name":"low-frequency band","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-area-connectivity","display_name":"remote area connectivity","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.7059497833251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6729404926300049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5644302368164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4848145544528961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46698328852653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.42842116951942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41035032272338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0876103937625885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780899","display_name":"Complementation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","pdf_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739207905","display_name":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum","issn_l":"2312-6620","issn":["2312-6620"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321145","host_organization_name":"European Alliance for Innovation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Alliance for Innovation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:080d3e41ae8144c3a855cc545654beb5","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/080d3e41ae8144c3a855cc545654beb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum, Vol 4, Iss 13 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/3qn70-6kh20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/3qn70-6kh20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/3qn70-6kh20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/acwsr-nkv88","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/acwsr-nkv88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/acwsr-nkv88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","pdf_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.7-4-2020.163923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739207905","display_name":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum","issn_l":"2312-6620","issn":["2312-6620"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321145","host_organization_name":"European Alliance for Innovation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321145"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Alliance for Innovation"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EAI Endorsed Transactions on Wireless Spectrum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.651199996471405,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2131432534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"777137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3697053864","display_name":"Remote area Access Network for 5th GEneration","funder_award_id":"777137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8031623632","display_name":"Technical and environmental analysis of advanced strategies for the energy\nvalorisation of biomass","funder_award_id":"318927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317482","display_name":"Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa","ror":"https://ror.org/04hztxs45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321992","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","ror":"https://ror.org/050zdnc69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015948174.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015948174.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W387405892","https://openalex.org/W1040230600","https://openalex.org/W1523338928","https://openalex.org/W1592348230","https://openalex.org/W2098918476","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W2147713024","https://openalex.org/W2150397642","https://openalex.org/W2507823409","https://openalex.org/W2590050480","https://openalex.org/W2765786151","https://openalex.org/W2768653190","https://openalex.org/W2789470429","https://openalex.org/W2795402406","https://openalex.org/W2797876135","https://openalex.org/W2801108393","https://openalex.org/W2809400255","https://openalex.org/W2809713141","https://openalex.org/W2905208695","https://openalex.org/W2908761844","https://openalex.org/W2944339950","https://openalex.org/W2961819765","https://openalex.org/W2967131121","https://openalex.org/W2981617163","https://openalex.org/W2981724199","https://openalex.org/W2984537718","https://openalex.org/W4248676392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382566571","https://openalex.org/W2378502579","https://openalex.org/W2349321798","https://openalex.org/W2366686860","https://openalex.org/W2350859087","https://openalex.org/W2387118502","https://openalex.org/W4233775131","https://openalex.org/W2377889937","https://openalex.org/W2362359465","https://openalex.org/W2369433317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"and":[1],"rural":[2],"areas":[3],"are":[4],"a":[5],"challenge":[6],"to":[7],"deploy":[8],"cost-efficient":[9],"connectivity":[10],"solutions.":[11],"5G":[12],"technology":[13],"needs":[14],"lower":[15],"frequencies,":[16],"which":[17],"calls":[18],"for":[19,22,32],"spectrum":[20,33],"sharing":[21,34],"local":[23],"networks.":[24],"Spectrum":[25],"sensing":[26],"could":[27],"complement":[28],"traditional":[29],"database":[30],"approach":[31],"in":[35],"these":[36],"areas.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"studie":[40]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}