{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130170517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","title":"","display_name":"","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130170517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","mag":"2130170517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","pdf_url":"https://theoryofcomputing.org/articles/v010a006/v010a006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142665794","display_name":"Theory of Computing","issn_l":"1557-2862","issn":["1557-2862"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315690","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://theoryofcomputing.org/articles/v010a006/v010a006.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020769134","display_name":"Scott Aaronson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Aaronson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045669197","display_name":"Andris Ambainis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91123046","display_name":"University of Latvia","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96","country_code":"LV","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}],"countries":["LV"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andris Ambainis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Latvia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Latvia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91123046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020769134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4962,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95939121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"133","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjecture","display_name":"Conjecture","score":0.7416988611221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5824954509735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.547926664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.5228524804115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.5224125385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.5069601535797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.46012258529663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44832342863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.44766002893447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4146115779876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3184276223182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08261024951934814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780990831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319141","display_name":"Conjecture","level":2,"score":0.7416988611221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5824954509735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.547926664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.5228524804115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.5224125385284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5069601535797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.46012258529663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44832342863082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.44766002893447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4146115779876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3184276223182678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08261024951934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","pdf_url":"https://theoryofcomputing.org/articles/v010a006/v010a006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142665794","display_name":"Theory of Computing","issn_l":"1557-2862","issn":["1557-2862"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315690","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4086/toc.2014.v010a006","pdf_url":"https://theoryofcomputing.org/articles/v010a006/v010a006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142665794","display_name":"Theory of Computing","issn_l":"1557-2862","issn":["1557-2862"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315690","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4062780233","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1128155","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5891283516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0844626","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323297","display_name":"Latvijas Universitate","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3mes96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130170517.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2130170517.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1746278515","https://openalex.org/W1763960172","https://openalex.org/W1965445411","https://openalex.org/W1965694896","https://openalex.org/W1993688167","https://openalex.org/W1999477896","https://openalex.org/W2000070319","https://openalex.org/W2006290558","https://openalex.org/W2010094677","https://openalex.org/W2012496360","https://openalex.org/W2017112356","https://openalex.org/W2024588775","https://openalex.org/W2025070700","https://openalex.org/W2033216491","https://openalex.org/W2034038586","https://openalex.org/W2040958198","https://openalex.org/W2050334794","https://openalex.org/W2069525126","https://openalex.org/W2071949273","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2098208160","https://openalex.org/W2098809394","https://openalex.org/W2108852611","https://openalex.org/W2109371739","https://openalex.org/W2117584890","https://openalex.org/W2122780600","https://openalex.org/W2139322641","https://openalex.org/W2146337447","https://openalex.org/W2149215674","https://openalex.org/W2157902765","https://openalex.org/W2565886754","https://openalex.org/W2610386774","https://openalex.org/W2963673382","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3041308142","https://openalex.org/W3099721694","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W3124818529","https://openalex.org/W3217033513","https://openalex.org/W4226347946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388704119","https://openalex.org/W2910123824","https://openalex.org/W3206120658","https://openalex.org/W4213379151","https://openalex.org/W2911278742","https://openalex.org/W3121338985","https://openalex.org/W1889203613","https://openalex.org/W4281550036","https://openalex.org/W2181040799","https://openalex.org/W2035510778"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Is":[0],"there":[1],"a":[2,31],"general":[3],"theorem":[4],"that":[5],"tells":[6],"us":[7],"when":[8,19],"we":[9,20,25],"can":[10],"hope":[11],"for":[12],"exponential":[13],"speedups":[14],"from":[15],"quantum":[16,39],"algorithms,":[17],"and":[18],"cannot?":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"make":[26],"two":[27],"advances":[28],"toward":[29],"such":[30],"theorem,":[32],"in":[33],"the":[34],"black-box":[35],"model":[36],"where":[37],"most":[38],"algorithms":[40],"operate.":[41]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T08:33:51.333923","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}