{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121074184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","title":"A Metamorphic Relation-Based Approach to Testing Web Services Without Oracles","display_name":"A Metamorphic Relation-Based Approach to Testing Web Services Without Oracles","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121074184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","mag":"2121074184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=64223&isxn=9781466614734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119470311","display_name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","issn_l":"1545-7362","issn":["1545-7362","1546-5004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=64223&isxn=9781466614734","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048309076","display_name":"Chang\u2010ai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-6176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang-ai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology Beijing and Chinese Academy of Science, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology Beijing and Chinese Academy of Science, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103408297","display_name":"Guan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0317-5055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology Beijing, China","University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017132412","display_name":"Baohong Mu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baohong Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology Beijing, China","University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033550181","display_name":"Huai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-4399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology, Australia","Swinburne University of Technology, AUSTRALIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, AUSTRALIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080423124","display_name":"ZhaoShun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ZhaoShun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology Beijing, China","University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035107113","display_name":"Tsong Yueh Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3578-0994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Y. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swinburne University of Technology, Australia","Swinburne University of Technology, AUSTRALIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swinburne University of Technology, AUSTRALIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048309076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.7084,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98193652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8761720061302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.7973439693450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.6401423215866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-oriented-architecture","display_name":"Service-oriented architecture","score":0.5595048666000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-modeling","display_name":"Web modeling","score":0.5282078385353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.5136470198631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.5044738054275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.503633439540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.46974876523017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-testing","display_name":"Web testing","score":0.455878883600235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.44550952315330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ws-policy","display_name":"WS-Policy","score":0.43301889300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.42653408646583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.36162668466567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application-security","display_name":"Web application security","score":0.34539932012557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2743498682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.2706436216831207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18338298797607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1422100067138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.10102862119674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-intelligence","display_name":"Web intelligence","score":0.08872824907302856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8761720061302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.7973439693450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.6401423215866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57041688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220644","display_name":"Service-oriented architecture","level":3,"score":0.5595048666000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130436687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978591","display_name":"Web modeling","level":3,"score":0.5282078385353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.5136470198631287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.5044738054275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.503633439540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.46974876523017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42989059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978626","display_name":"Web testing","level":5,"score":0.455878883600235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.44550952315330505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190515685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749179","display_name":"WS-Policy","level":5,"score":0.43301889300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.42653408646583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.36162668466567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59241245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Web application security","level":4,"score":0.34539932012557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2743498682975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.2706436216831207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18338298797607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1422100067138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.10102862119674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544335954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553348","display_name":"Web intelligence","level":4,"score":0.08872824907302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=64223&isxn=9781466614734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119470311","display_name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","issn_l":"1545-7362","issn":["1545-7362","1546-5004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.vu.edu.au:33048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vuir.vu.edu.au/33048/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400215","display_name":"Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","host_organization_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.rmit.edu.au:rmit:22540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:22540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jwsr00:v:9:y:2012:i:1:p:51-73","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11247663740001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27456012","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.swinburne.edu.au:5b5eb0b1-bc36-4936-b70b-e5c022e600f1/1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/237035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401157","display_name":"Swinburne Research Bank (Swinburne University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","host_organization_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Web Services Research, Vol. 9, no. 1 (Jan 2012), pp. 51-73","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jwsr.2012010103","pdf_url":"https://www.igi-global.com/ViewTitle.aspx?TitleId=64223&isxn=9781466614734","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119470311","display_name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","issn_l":"1545-7362","issn":["1545-7362","1546-5004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2121074184.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2121074184.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508942728","https://openalex.org/W1519683776","https://openalex.org/W1752028482","https://openalex.org/W1971991620","https://openalex.org/W1975934503","https://openalex.org/W1977978498","https://openalex.org/W1986789883","https://openalex.org/W2013711971","https://openalex.org/W2021272954","https://openalex.org/W2031627786","https://openalex.org/W2043998723","https://openalex.org/W2049695835","https://openalex.org/W2079189937","https://openalex.org/W2087305559","https://openalex.org/W2091093620","https://openalex.org/W2094545987","https://openalex.org/W2097110854","https://openalex.org/W2098895074","https://openalex.org/W2099903068","https://openalex.org/W2110441383","https://openalex.org/W2114078018","https://openalex.org/W2117438772","https://openalex.org/W2117932152","https://openalex.org/W2133254703","https://openalex.org/W2136414928","https://openalex.org/W2141933055","https://openalex.org/W2159717626","https://openalex.org/W2247001206","https://openalex.org/W2371204868","https://openalex.org/W6637766179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128388188","https://openalex.org/W2384679996","https://openalex.org/W2266573831","https://openalex.org/W2388498275","https://openalex.org/W2357775713","https://openalex.org/W2156201195","https://openalex.org/W2613374639","https://openalex.org/W1985294818","https://openalex.org/W2081008583","https://openalex.org/W2156613052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Service":[0],"Oriented":[1],"Architecture":[2],"(SOA)":[3],"has":[4,96],"become":[5],"a":[6,12,113,149,161],"major":[7],"application":[8],"development":[9],"paradigm.":[10],"As":[11],"basic":[13],"unit":[14],"of":[15,24,33,39,47,54,60,106,157,179,196],"SOA":[16],"applications,":[17],"Web":[18,40,55,61,85,108,119,198],"services":[19,41,56,86,120],"significantly":[20],"affect":[21],"the":[22,25,31,35,51,58,65,75,104,110,140,146,154,166,175,180,187,192],"quality":[23],"applications":[26],"constructed":[27],"from":[28],"them.":[29],"In":[30,69],"context":[32],"SOA,":[34,158],"specification":[36],"and":[37,50,63,81,134,144,159,177,205],"implementation":[38],"are":[42,171],"completely":[43],"separated.":[44],"The":[45,123,183],"lack":[46],"source":[48],"code":[49],"restricted":[52],"control":[53],"limit":[57],"testability":[59],"services,":[62,109,199],"make":[64,139],"oracle":[66,77,194],"problem":[67,195],"prominent.":[68],"this":[70],"context,":[71],"can":[72],"one":[73],"alleviate":[74],"test":[76,83,132,136,193,207],"problem,":[78],"or":[79],"effectively":[80],"efficiently":[82],"such":[84],"even":[87],"without":[88,121,209],"oracles?":[89],"It":[90],"is":[91],"an":[92,203],"important":[93],"issue":[94],"which":[95,163],"not":[97,189],"been":[98],"yet":[99],"adequately":[100],"addressed.":[101],"To":[102,138],"address":[103],"challenge":[105],"testing":[107,118,197],"authors":[111,147],"propose":[112],"metamorphic":[114,128],"relation-based":[115],"approach":[116,125,142],"to":[117,130,173],"oracles.":[122,210],"proposed":[124,141,148,181],"leverages":[126],"so-called":[127],"relations":[129],"generate":[131],"cases":[133],"evaluate":[135],"results.":[137],"practical":[143],"effective,":[145],"framework":[150],"taking":[151],"into":[152],"account":[153],"unique":[155],"features":[156],"developed":[160],"prototype":[162],"partially":[164],"automates":[165],"framework.":[167],"Three":[168],"case":[169],"studies":[170],"conducted":[172],"validate":[174],"feasibility":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"approach.":[182],"work":[184],"presented":[185],"in":[186],"paper":[188],"only":[190],"alleviates":[191],"but":[200],"also":[201],"delivers":[202],"effective":[204],"efficient":[206],"technique":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
