{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084549695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2011010101","title":"Automatic Language Translation","display_name":"Automatic Language Translation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084549695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2011010101","mag":"2084549695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jthi.2011010101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2011010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130700065","display_name":"International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction","issn_l":"1548-3908","issn":["1548-3908","1548-3916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051678798","display_name":"Swadesh Kumar Samanta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Swadesh Kumar Samanta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, UK","University of Essex, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024866256","display_name":"John Woods","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9907-4733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, UK","University of Essex, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082745876","display_name":"M. Ghanbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-8378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ghanbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, UK","University of Essex, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051678798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16208972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9538000226020813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7645020484924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-barrier","display_name":"Language barrier","score":0.5400763750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5173618197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-message-service","display_name":"Short Message Service","score":0.4703146517276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4671117067337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-communication","display_name":"Business communication","score":0.4432294964790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.41249340772628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.38025137782096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20138293504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1186901330947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.09032899141311646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7645020484924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47602998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2588869","display_name":"Language barrier","level":2,"score":0.5400763750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5173618197441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74558129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43024","display_name":"Short Message Service","level":2,"score":0.4703146517276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4671117067337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175815440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115749","display_name":"Business communication","level":2,"score":0.4432294964790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.41249340772628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.38025137782096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20138293504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1186901330947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.09032899141311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jthi.2011010101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jthi.2011010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130700065","display_name":"International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction","issn_l":"1548-3908","issn":["1548-3908","1548-3916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jthi00:v:7:y:2011:i:1:p:1-18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jthi.2011010101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656794031","https://openalex.org/W1879276489","https://openalex.org/W1972304002","https://openalex.org/W1974675015","https://openalex.org/W1977039256","https://openalex.org/W1977390586","https://openalex.org/W1982680448","https://openalex.org/W1985366164","https://openalex.org/W1986061747","https://openalex.org/W2012597727","https://openalex.org/W2015097660","https://openalex.org/W2016850010","https://openalex.org/W2020465741","https://openalex.org/W2023315377","https://openalex.org/W2023408687","https://openalex.org/W2031762031","https://openalex.org/W2044400038","https://openalex.org/W2048759926","https://openalex.org/W2053614428","https://openalex.org/W2056196279","https://openalex.org/W2069565895","https://openalex.org/W2070454290","https://openalex.org/W2072637925","https://openalex.org/W2074389062","https://openalex.org/W2080058506","https://openalex.org/W2080086371","https://openalex.org/W2081429438","https://openalex.org/W2090082222","https://openalex.org/W2095119915","https://openalex.org/W2096172642","https://openalex.org/W2098917823","https://openalex.org/W2110441511","https://openalex.org/W2112797991","https://openalex.org/W2117971767","https://openalex.org/W2118785125","https://openalex.org/W2119281485","https://openalex.org/W2132937980","https://openalex.org/W2133330324","https://openalex.org/W2136457090","https://openalex.org/W2136511435","https://openalex.org/W2137680139","https://openalex.org/W2141385620","https://openalex.org/W2141448752","https://openalex.org/W2147646906","https://openalex.org/W2280542748","https://openalex.org/W2296638537","https://openalex.org/W2505353686","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2799889363","https://openalex.org/W2329536524","https://openalex.org/W1971439101","https://openalex.org/W3084655753","https://openalex.org/W2068936209","https://openalex.org/W2367823500","https://openalex.org/W1571630670","https://openalex.org/W1973671243","https://openalex.org/W2075701462","https://openalex.org/W2092453549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,60,65,77,81,91,95,98,103],"authors":[4,78],"demonstrate":[5,102],"that":[6,80],"language":[7,70,88,96,139],"diversity":[8],"imposes":[9],"a":[10,74,108],"significant":[11],"barrier":[12],"in":[13,64,120],"message":[14,61],"communication":[15],"like":[16],"Short":[17],"Messaging":[18,28],"Service":[19,29],"(SMS).":[20],"SMS":[21],"and":[22,31,38,47,52,73,124],"other":[23],"messaging":[24],"services,":[25,112],"including":[26],"Multimedia":[27],"(MMS)":[30],"e-mail,":[32],"are":[33,130],"widely":[34],"used":[35],"for":[36],"person-to-person":[37],"Business-to-Consumer":[39],"(B2C)":[40],"communications":[41],"due":[42,137],"to":[43,127,134,138],"their":[44],"reach,":[45],"simplicity":[46],"reliability":[48],"of":[49,90,94,97,111],"delivery.":[50],"Reach":[51],"service":[53],"delivery":[54],"can":[55,83,106],"be":[56,84],"further":[57],"enhanced":[58],"if":[59],"is":[62],"delivered":[63,85],"recipient\u2019s":[66],"preferred":[67],"language.":[68],"Using":[69],"translation":[71],"software":[72],"database":[75],"server,":[76],"show":[79],"messages":[82],"as":[86,114],"per":[87],"preference":[89],"recipient":[92],"irrespective":[93],"original":[99],"message.":[100],"They":[101],"proposed":[104],"mechanism":[105],"deliver":[107],"large":[109],"number":[110],"such":[113],"education,":[115],"health":[116],"care":[117],"management,":[118],"notification":[119],"emergency":[121],"situations,":[122],"news":[123],"weather":[125],"reports,":[126],"those":[128],"who":[129],"currently":[131],"not":[132],"able":[133],"access":[135],"them":[136],"barrier.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
