{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049486855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2012070104","title":"A Complexity-Invariant Measure Based on Fractal Dimension for Time Series Classification","display_name":"A Complexity-Invariant Measure Based on Fractal Dimension for Time Series Classification","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049486855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2012070104","mag":"2049486855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jncr.2012070104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2012070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1001844925","display_name":"International Journal of Natural Computing Research","issn_l":"1947-928X","issn":["1947-928X","1947-9298"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Natural Computing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005717519","display_name":"Ronaldo C. Prati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8597-4987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ronaldo C. Prati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Matem\u00e1tica, Computa\u00e7\u00e3o e Cogni\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Matem\u00e1tica, Computa\u00e7\u00e3o e Cogni\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andr\u00e9, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102371518","display_name":"Gustavo E. A. P. A. Batista","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131883","display_name":"Brazilian Society of Computational and Applied Mathematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03kcw4w74","country_code":"BR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131883"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo E. A. P. A. Batista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Matem\u00e1ticas e de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Matem\u00e1ticas e de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131883","https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005717519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67039919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"59","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6815005540847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6653501987457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6362913250923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5756841897964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.5603886842727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"Fractal dimension","score":0.5356457233428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5114902257919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.47665220499038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4602988362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45757436752319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4494745135307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.42397546768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/box-counting","display_name":"Box counting","score":0.41633009910583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.401168555021286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-analysis","display_name":"Fractal analysis","score":0.3758169710636139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3709309995174408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30846258997917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.279768168926239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6815005540847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6653501987457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6362913250923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5756841897964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.5603886842727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.5356457233428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5114902257919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47665220499038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4602988362312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45757436752319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4494745135307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.42397546768188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99008458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4951583","display_name":"Box counting","level":5,"score":0.41633009910583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.401168555021286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162494671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845227","display_name":"Fractal analysis","level":4,"score":0.3758169710636139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3709309995174408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30846258997917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.279768168926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jncr.2012070104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2012070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1001844925","display_name":"International Journal of Natural Computing Research","issn_l":"1947-928X","issn":["1947-928X","1947-9298"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Natural Computing Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jncr00:v:3:y:2012:i:3:p:59-73","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jncr.2012070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73880768","https://openalex.org/W116902681","https://openalex.org/W143359595","https://openalex.org/W1506451709","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W1996007769","https://openalex.org/W2014683958","https://openalex.org/W2068062466","https://openalex.org/W2069342529","https://openalex.org/W2077204677","https://openalex.org/W2077845136","https://openalex.org/W2078206416","https://openalex.org/W2086642323","https://openalex.org/W2098759488","https://openalex.org/W2107092366","https://openalex.org/W2108400301","https://openalex.org/W2130253467","https://openalex.org/W2156450738","https://openalex.org/W2167358211","https://openalex.org/W2170104027","https://openalex.org/W2400311702","https://openalex.org/W2953079921","https://openalex.org/W2964631455","https://openalex.org/W3124503407","https://openalex.org/W3125182304","https://openalex.org/W4229652772","https://openalex.org/W6605777171","https://openalex.org/W6684649441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005939750","https://openalex.org/W2804635689","https://openalex.org/W2371203286","https://openalex.org/W2003790600","https://openalex.org/W2044531707","https://openalex.org/W2606954585","https://openalex.org/W4296962583","https://openalex.org/W4378446848","https://openalex.org/W2415593857","https://openalex.org/W1968489977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classification":[0],"is":[1,10,117],"an":[2,104],"important":[3],"task":[4],"in":[5,13,23,58,139,161],"time":[6,24,55,92,162],"series":[7,25,56,80,93,141,163],"mining.":[8],"It":[9],"often":[11],"reported":[12],"the":[14,29,38,71,74,78,87,90,101,121,135,140,156],"literature":[15],"that":[16,114],"nearest":[17,59],"neighbor":[18,60],"classifiers":[19],"perform":[20],"quite":[21],"well":[22],"classification,":[26],"especially":[27],"if":[28],"distance":[30],"measure":[31],"properly":[32],"deals":[33],"with":[34,53,120],"invariances":[35],"required":[36],"by":[37],"domain.":[39],"Complexity":[40],"invariance":[41,160],"was":[42,81],"recently":[43],"introduced,":[44],"aiming":[45],"to":[46,77,94],"compensate":[47],"from":[48],"a":[49,65,126,144,153],"bias":[50],"towards":[51],"classes":[52],"simple":[54],"representatives":[57],"classification.":[61,164],"To":[62],"this":[63,99,115],"end,":[64],"complexity":[66,106,159],"correcting":[67],"factor":[68],"based":[69,108],"on":[70,109,134,143],"ratio":[72],"of":[73,89,137,158],"more":[75],"complex":[76],"simpler":[79],"proposed.":[82],"The":[83],"original":[84,122],"formulation":[85],"uses":[86],"length":[88],"rectified":[91],"estimate":[95],"its":[96],"complexity.":[97],"In":[98],"paper":[100],"authors":[102],"investigate":[103],"alternative":[105,116],"estimate,":[107],"fractal":[110],"dimension.":[111],"Results":[112],"show":[113],"very":[118],"competitive":[119],"proposal,":[123],"and":[124],"has":[125],"broader":[127],"application":[128],"as":[129],"it":[130],"does":[131],"neither":[132],"depend":[133],"number":[136],"points":[138],"nor":[142],"previous":[145],"normalization.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"these":[148],"results":[149],"also":[150],"verify,":[151],"using":[152],"different":[154],"formulation,":[155],"validity":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}