{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999759535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2012040103","title":"Using Permutations to Enhance the Gain of RUQB Technique","display_name":"Using Permutations to Enhance the Gain of RUQB Technique","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999759535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2012040103","mag":"1999759535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jitwe.2012040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2012040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152329874","display_name":"International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering","issn_l":"1554-1045","issn":["1554-1045","1554-1053"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091063981","display_name":"Abdulla M. Abu-ayyash","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulla M. Abu-ayyash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Bank of Jordan, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Bank of Jordan, Jordan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091777000","display_name":"Naim Ajlouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-8933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33926330","display_name":"Al-Balqa Applied University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qedmt22","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33926330"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naim Ajlouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Al-Balqa University, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Al-Balqa University, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33926330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091063981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07783431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"30","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.8389543890953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.6446479558944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6351050734519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6144050359725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.5872504711151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-gain","display_name":"Information gain","score":0.48870137333869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bb84","display_name":"BB84","score":0.4273957908153534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34963858127593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.329012006521225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.320456326007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.2982454299926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.245581716299057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22903284430503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1847742795944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1621038317680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15753412246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.15568974614143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.09995827078819275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.8389543890953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.6446479558944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6351050734519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6144050359725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.5872504711151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983203078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Information gain","level":2,"score":0.48870137333869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78203541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566969","display_name":"BB84","level":5,"score":0.4273957908153534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34963858127593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.329012006521225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.320456326007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.2982454299926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.245581716299057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22903284430503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1847742795944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1621038317680359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15753412246704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.15568974614143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.09995827078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jitwe.2012040103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2012040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152329874","display_name":"International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering","issn_l":"1554-1045","issn":["1554-1045","1554-1053"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jitwe0:v:7:y:2012:i:2:p:30-45","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jitwe.2012040103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W227641075","https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W1986293140","https://openalex.org/W1986407511","https://openalex.org/W1990251538","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W1997102776","https://openalex.org/W2001466659","https://openalex.org/W2006226307","https://openalex.org/W2014884277","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2020886883","https://openalex.org/W2035447115","https://openalex.org/W2039819895","https://openalex.org/W2047897334","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2057503347","https://openalex.org/W2058302064","https://openalex.org/W2060335339","https://openalex.org/W2088148954","https://openalex.org/W2091230840","https://openalex.org/W2096355301","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2135830616","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2164207767","https://openalex.org/W2336770924","https://openalex.org/W2596348863","https://openalex.org/W2987687226","https://openalex.org/W3022352698","https://openalex.org/W3126033603","https://openalex.org/W4214950786","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4255370067","https://openalex.org/W6948043559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099174309","https://openalex.org/W1981490142","https://openalex.org/W4390997098","https://openalex.org/W4367358755","https://openalex.org/W3011401624","https://openalex.org/W2793294224","https://openalex.org/W2849376718","https://openalex.org/W3008246375","https://openalex.org/W3105166640","https://openalex.org/W2370978838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"key":[1,15,73],"distribution":[2],"(QKD)":[3],"techniques":[4],"usually":[5],"suffer":[6],"from":[7],"a":[8],"gain":[9,55,77,95],"problem":[10],"when":[11],"comparing":[12],"the":[13,17,26,39,54,66,68,71,74,76,86],"final":[14],"to":[16,37],"generated":[18],"pulses":[19],"of":[20,43,56,70,88],"quantum":[21],"states.":[22],"This":[23],"research":[24],"permutes":[25],"sets":[27],"that":[28,65,78,85],"RUQB":[29,51],"(Abu-ayyash":[30],"&":[31],"Ajlouni,":[32],"2008)":[33],"uses":[34],"in":[35,93,97],"order":[36],"increase":[38],"gain.":[40],"The":[41],"effect":[42],"both":[44],"randomness":[45,69],"and":[46],"permutations":[47,91],"are":[48],"studied;":[49],"While":[50],"technique":[52],"improves":[53],"BB84":[57],"QKD":[58],"by":[59],"5.5%":[60],"it":[61],"was":[62],"also":[63],"shown":[64],"higher":[67,75],"initial":[72],"can":[79],"be":[80],"achieved,":[81],"this":[82],"work":[83],"concluded":[84],"use":[87],"around":[89],"7":[90],"results":[92],"30%":[94],"recovery":[96],"an":[98],"ideal":[99],"situations.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}