{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083861052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jisss.2009070101","title":"Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Design (SSMED)","display_name":"Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Design (SSMED)","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083861052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jisss.2009070101","mag":"2083861052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jisss.2009070101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jisss.2009070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160826262","display_name":"International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector","issn_l":"1935-5688","issn":["1935-5688","1935-5696"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mis_pub/4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005597610","display_name":"Jim Spohrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-2735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156936","display_name":"IBM Research - Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjbbg60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Spohrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, USA","IBM Research - USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027753103","display_name":"Stephen K. Kwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-0073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen K. Kwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jos\u00e9 State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jos\u00e9 State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.8793,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":208,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99755939,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11114","display_name":"Service and Product Innovation","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11024","display_name":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-design","display_name":"Service design","score":0.8635042905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.7335327863693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5933992266654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entertainment","display_name":"Entertainment","score":0.5488449335098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.5278655886650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.512430727481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-system","display_name":"Service system","score":0.4746207296848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-product-management","display_name":"Service product management","score":0.45574286580085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-science-management-and-engineering","display_name":"Service science, management and engineering","score":0.45473605394363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-delivery-framework","display_name":"Service delivery framework","score":0.4479767084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-innovation","display_name":"Service innovation","score":0.42435330152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4075963497161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3957655131816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39266157150268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3725877106189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3356168270111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.23388490080833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1621077060699463}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61063171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q532781","display_name":"Service design","level":4,"score":0.8635042905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.7335327863693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5933992266654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.5488449335098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.5278655886650085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.512430727481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15587899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455812","display_name":"Service system","level":3,"score":0.4746207296848297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36829320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7455785","display_name":"Service product management","level":5,"score":0.45574286580085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11922627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850879","display_name":"Service science, management and engineering","level":5,"score":0.45473605394363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.4479767084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3307092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6532095","display_name":"Service innovation","level":3,"score":0.42435330152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4075963497161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3957655131816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39266157150268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3725877106189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3356168270111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.23388490080833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1621077060699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jisss.2009070101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jisss.2009070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160826262","display_name":"International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector","issn_l":"1935-5688","issn":["1935-5688","1935-5696"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.sjsu.edu:mis_pub-1003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mis_pub/4","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mis_pub/4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196389","display_name":"San Jos\u00e9 State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","host_organization_name":"San Jose State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications, Information Systems & Technology","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jisss0:v:1:y:2009:i:3:p:1-31","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jisss.2009070101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.sjsu.edu:mis_pub-1003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mis_pub/4","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/mis_pub/4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196389","display_name":"San Jos\u00e9 State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","host_organization_name":"San Jose State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications, Information Systems & Technology","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308380","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312726","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316409","display_name":"San Jos\u00e9 State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2083861052.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2083861052.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":267,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W872687","https://openalex.org/W1521832","https://openalex.org/W16473351","https://openalex.org/W20946878","https://openalex.org/W89528991","https://openalex.org/W111461133","https://openalex.org/W113950882","https://openalex.org/W124356977","https://openalex.org/W142345412","https://openalex.org/W172965517","https://openalex.org/W177275850","https://openalex.org/W178164085","https://openalex.org/W217725102","https://openalex.org/W224946160","https://openalex.org/W229479180","https://openalex.org/W238001728","https://openalex.org/W355700614","https://openalex.org/W358413981","https://openalex.org/W365938668","https://openalex.org/W397370801","https://openalex.org/W577384044","https://openalex.org/W577457631","https://openalex.org/W579466784","https://openalex.org/W581856974","https://openalex.org/W593696662","https://openalex.org/W598913793","https://openalex.org/W599597022","https://openalex.org/W599908922","https://openalex.org/W618581282","https://openalex.org/W620179295","https://openalex.org/W629346828","https://openalex.org/W630628301","https://openalex.org/W632128758","https://openalex.org/W633716985","https://openalex.org/W633904537","https://openalex.org/W649102251","https://openalex.org/W655130764","https://openalex.org/W657825620","https://openalex.org/W793852648","https://openalex.org/W1481080069","https://openalex.org/W1481344681","https://openalex.org/W1482084824","https://openalex.org/W1482830382","https://openalex.org/W1483854109","https://openalex.org/W1484547183","https://openalex.org/W1486112733","https://openalex.org/W1487279857","https://openalex.org/W1488407027","https://openalex.org/W1489109817","https://openalex.org/W1489457450","https://openalex.org/W1490145772","https://openalex.org/W1493031413","https://openalex.org/W1495598394","https://openalex.org/W1495776298","https://openalex.org/W1496226251","https://openalex.org/W1502388085","https://openalex.org/W1502701951","https://openalex.org/W1503428541","https://openalex.org/W1506688320","https://openalex.org/W1508600805","https://openalex.org/W1511343964","https://openalex.org/W1511639196","https://openalex.org/W1512965346","https://openalex.org/W1514770621","https://openalex.org/W1523514583","https://openalex.org/W1533007440","https://openalex.org/W1534732112","https://openalex.org/W1535065339","https://openalex.org/W1535803599","https://openalex.org/W1536147934","https://openalex.org/W1536243131","https://openalex.org/W1536426987","https://openalex.org/W1538749266","https://openalex.org/W1539984019","https://openalex.org/W1540940861","https://openalex.org/W1541482107","https://openalex.org/W1542405687","https://openalex.org/W1546268270","https://openalex.org/W1546694520","https://openalex.org/W1549833036","https://openalex.org/W1550818750","https://openalex.org/W1555328317","https://openalex.org/W1555494594","https://openalex.org/W1556995072","https://openalex.org/W1559813403","https://openalex.org/W1566019957","https://openalex.org/W1567215247","https://openalex.org/W1576372720","https://openalex.org/W1576773109","https://openalex.org/W1577013260","https://openalex.org/W1577386709","https://openalex.org/W1579285683","https://openalex.org/W1579553372","https://openalex.org/W1580796580","https://openalex.org/W1582134449","https://openalex.org/W1585876576","https://openalex.org/W1586536077","https://openalex.org/W1588289356","https://openalex.org/W1588952863","https://openalex.org/W1589435107","https://openalex.org/W1593208101","https://openalex.org/W1593316351","https://openalex.org/W1594776853","https://openalex.org/W1595377765","https://openalex.org/W1595720569","https://openalex.org/W1598473911","https://openalex.org/W1604909128","https://openalex.org/W1606124122","https://openalex.org/W1617405631","https://openalex.org/W1631767606","https://openalex.org/W1655203505","https://openalex.org/W1684540946","https://openalex.org/W1736858688","https://openalex.org/W1745043960","https://openalex.org/W1903683453","https://openalex.org/W1950785596","https://openalex.org/W1960332648","https://openalex.org/W1963779035","https://openalex.org/W1964555080","https://openalex.org/W1964647861","https://openalex.org/W1965600442","https://openalex.org/W1976599252","https://openalex.org/W1979480679","https://openalex.org/W1979717988","https://openalex.org/W1981742050","https://openalex.org/W1982914919","https://openalex.org/W1986342936","https://openalex.org/W1989228176","https://openalex.org/W1989688030","https://openalex.org/W1990132810","https://openalex.org/W1991738215","https://openalex.org/W1992375703","https://openalex.org/W1993710293","https://openalex.org/W1999686839","https://openalex.org/W2006948423","https://openalex.org/W2008520857","https://openalex.org/W2009202666","https://openalex.org/W2011945137","https://openalex.org/W2015486462","https://openalex.org/W2015720094","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2016740254","https://openalex.org/W2016853979","https://openalex.org/W2017041372","https://openalex.org/W2018905329","https://openalex.org/W2019535627","https://openalex.org/W2023273272","https://openalex.org/W2024135760","https://openalex.org/W2028878459","https://openalex.org/W2032698586","https://openalex.org/W2034350667","https://openalex.org/W2038822182","https://openalex.org/W2039952808","https://openalex.org/W2044410839","https://openalex.org/W2045956974","https://openalex.org/W2046500054","https://openalex.org/W2047773221","https://openalex.org/W2049847674","https://openalex.org/W2053599123","https://openalex.org/W2057863202","https://openalex.org/W2060459121","https://openalex.org/W2060827592","https://openalex.org/W2061575843","https://openalex.org/W2062547402","https://openalex.org/W2065382414","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2072978290","https://openalex.org/W2073506374","https://openalex.org/W2074475716","https://openalex.org/W2074540177","https://openalex.org/W2077732435","https://openalex.org/W2080577950","https://openalex.org/W2084486980","https://openalex.org/W2093705991","https://openalex.org/W2096010043","https://openalex.org/W2097568888","https://openalex.org/W2098916257","https://openalex.org/W2099069868","https://openalex.org/W2104983861","https://openalex.org/W2106099010","https://openalex.org/W2106943476","https://openalex.org/W2115380084","https://openalex.org/W2126041724","https://openalex.org/W2126840412","https://openalex.org/W2129432581","https://openalex.org/W2135526934","https://openalex.org/W2135691596","https://openalex.org/W2136231915","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2138899136","https://openalex.org/W2140317779","https://openalex.org/W2141010452","https://openalex.org/W2142241884","https://openalex.org/W2144289297","https://openalex.org/W2145790759","https://openalex.org/W2145998291","https://openalex.org/W2146819619","https://openalex.org/W2148300948","https://openalex.org/W2152304674","https://openalex.org/W2154010459","https://openalex.org/W2154700690","https://openalex.org/W2154734789","https://openalex.org/W2161100273","https://openalex.org/W2164284962","https://openalex.org/W2180777535","https://openalex.org/W2313211529","https://openalex.org/W2314020836","https://openalex.org/W2321396344","https://openalex.org/W2345272117","https://openalex.org/W2423609147","https://openalex.org/W2461243442","https://openalex.org/W2478957367","https://openalex.org/W2480673230","https://openalex.org/W2485487826","https://openalex.org/W2490979969","https://openalex.org/W2493709347","https://openalex.org/W2501479989","https://openalex.org/W2502700137","https://openalex.org/W2556153640","https://openalex.org/W2564198396","https://openalex.org/W2566856888","https://openalex.org/W2626239712","https://openalex.org/W2735424014","https://openalex.org/W2745346656","https://openalex.org/W2752710160","https://openalex.org/W2767994998","https://openalex.org/W2790461170","https://openalex.org/W2791822998","https://openalex.org/W2796135019","https://openalex.org/W2891267295","https://openalex.org/W2945297359","https://openalex.org/W2949835970","https://openalex.org/W2977708908","https://openalex.org/W2988508879","https://openalex.org/W2988934653","https://openalex.org/W3046509492","https://openalex.org/W3081619247","https://openalex.org/W3081949511","https://openalex.org/W3083531560","https://openalex.org/W3093398451","https://openalex.org/W3119758892","https://openalex.org/W3124140110","https://openalex.org/W3125379867","https://openalex.org/W3140030144","https://openalex.org/W3140394237","https://openalex.org/W3205843990","https://openalex.org/W4205655685","https://openalex.org/W4206621009","https://openalex.org/W4214753841","https://openalex.org/W4230841435","https://openalex.org/W4231147531","https://openalex.org/W4234789913","https://openalex.org/W4237025289","https://openalex.org/W4237415197","https://openalex.org/W4239852283","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289256008","https://openalex.org/W4295188220","https://openalex.org/W4297563113","https://openalex.org/W4297978327","https://openalex.org/W4298859129","https://openalex.org/W4299297687","https://openalex.org/W4300552226","https://openalex.org/W4300778821","https://openalex.org/W4301066124","https://openalex.org/W4301441860","https://openalex.org/W4362505439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2715808470","https://openalex.org/W2259637914","https://openalex.org/W2422218162","https://openalex.org/W2104564874","https://openalex.org/W2143464549","https://openalex.org/W1605127507","https://openalex.org/W2387566422","https://openalex.org/W2140616999","https://openalex.org/W4243713506","https://openalex.org/W2376259564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"growth":[1],"of":[2,51,106,115],"the":[3,112],"global":[4],"service":[5,20,66,68,78,89,92,132],"economy":[6],"has":[7],"led":[8],"to":[9,108,122,126],"a":[10,128],"dramatic":[11],"increase":[12],"in":[13],"our":[14],"daily":[15],"interactions":[16,25],"with":[17],"highly":[18],"specialized":[19,52],"systems.":[21,69,93],"Service":[22,70],"(or":[23],"value-cocreation)":[24],"are":[26],"both":[27],"frequent":[28],"and":[29,31,74,90,99,130],"diverse,":[30],"may":[32],"include":[33],"retail,":[34],"financial,":[35],"healthcare,":[36],"education,":[37],"on-line,":[38],"communications,":[39],"technical":[40],"support,":[41],"entertainment,":[42],"transportation,":[43],"legal,":[44],"professional,":[45],"government,":[46],"or":[47,67,77],"many":[48],"other":[49],"types":[50],"interactions.":[53],"And":[54],"yet":[55,103],"surprisingly":[56],"few":[57],"students":[58],"graduating":[59],"from":[60],"universities":[61],"have":[62],"studied":[63],"anything":[64],"about":[65,111],"Science,":[71],"Management,":[72],"Engineering,":[73],"Design":[75],"(SSMED),":[76],"science":[79],"for":[80],"short,":[81],"is":[82,121],"an":[83,97,101],"emerging":[84],"discipline":[85],"aimed":[86],"at":[87],"understanding":[88],"innovating":[91],"This":[94],"article":[95],"sketches":[96],"outline":[98],"provides":[100],"extensive,":[102],"preliminary,":[104],"set":[105],"references":[107],"provoke":[109],"discussions":[110],"interdisciplinary":[113],"nature":[114],"SSMED.":[116],"One":[117],"difficult":[118],"challenge":[119],"remaining":[120],"integrate":[123],"multiple":[124],"disciplines":[125],"create":[127],"new":[129],"unique":[131],"science.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":24}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}