{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122053854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jgcms.2009040101","title":"A Test of the Law of Demand in a Virtual World: Exploring the Petri Dish Approach to Social Science","display_name":"A Test of the Law of Demand in a Virtual World: Exploring the Petri Dish Approach to Social Science","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122053854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jgcms.2009040101","mag":"3122053854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ces:ceswps:_2355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp2355.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp2355.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034655852","display_name":"Edward Castronova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-5604"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edward Castronova","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-5604","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034655852"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9578999876976013,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9559000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fantasy","display_name":"Fantasy","score":0.8246780633926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.584314227104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.48318973183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treasure","display_name":"Treasure","score":0.48236531019210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magic","display_name":"MAGIC (telescope)","score":0.47807836532592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3975898027420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.371501088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.336246132850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.28092432022094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27279481291770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.25518086552619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.21726292371749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.17728999257087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1685452163219452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534859617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5434357","display_name":"Fantasy","level":2,"score":0.8246780633926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.584314227104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48318973183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776084483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272937","display_name":"Treasure","level":2,"score":0.48236531019210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777704519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45732","display_name":"MAGIC (telescope)","level":2,"score":0.47807836532592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3975898027420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.371501088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.336246132850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28092432022094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27279481291770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.25518086552619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21726292371749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.17728999257087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1685452163219452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ces:ceswps:_2355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp2355.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp2355.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016800229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cesifo-group.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp2355.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.cesifo-group.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp2355.pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3122053854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ces:ceswps:_2355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jgcms0:v:1:y:2009:i:2:p:1-16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jgcms.2009040101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/26400","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/26400","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125519318","https://openalex.org/W213132624","https://openalex.org/W1504433775","https://openalex.org/W324695576","https://openalex.org/W2144326031","https://openalex.org/W2976839023","https://openalex.org/W175202814","https://openalex.org/W1553352419","https://openalex.org/W3083401163","https://openalex.org/W1664965575","https://openalex.org/W2746567383","https://openalex.org/W3033862911","https://openalex.org/W3009798015","https://openalex.org/W2940115524","https://openalex.org/W1754192786","https://openalex.org/W2400605775","https://openalex.org/W2783604069","https://openalex.org/W2087059873","https://openalex.org/W2775215477","https://openalex.org/W215811032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,112,157,172,206],"report":[1],"results":[2],"of":[3,93,101,138,184,191,214,251,255],"an":[4],"experiment":[5],"on":[6],"prices":[7],"and":[8,49,118,165,242,257],"demand":[9,189],"in":[10,58,62,75,130,149,154,176,217,222,245],"a":[11,19,42,76,102,139,142,170,188],"fantasy-based":[12],"virtual":[13,16,37,246],"world.":[14],"A":[15],"world":[17,152],"is":[18,52,61,195],"persistent,":[20],"synthetic,":[21],"online":[22],"environment":[23,79,168],"that":[24,55,97,135,174,211,224],"can":[25],"be":[26,229,236],"accessed":[27],"by":[28],"many":[29],"users":[30],"at":[31,248],"the":[32,91,99,109,125,131,136,150,155,167,177,185,198,212],"same":[33],"time.":[34],"Because":[35],"most":[36],"worlds":[38,133,247],"are":[39],"built":[40],"around":[41],"fantasy":[43,78,87,218,225],"theme,":[44],"complete":[45],"with":[46],"magic,":[47],"monsters,":[48],"treasure,":[50],"there":[51],"considerable":[53],"skepticism":[54],"human":[56],"behavior":[57],"such":[59],"environments":[60],"any":[63],"way":[64],"normal\u0094.":[65],"Our":[66],"world,":[67],"Arden\u0094,":[68],"was":[69,134,145],"designed":[70],"to":[71,90,122,163,238],"test":[72],"whether":[73,86],"players":[74,121,159,175],"typical":[77],"were":[80],"economically":[81,230],"normal.\u0094":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"we":[84],"tested":[85],"gamers":[88,226],"conform":[89],"Law":[92,213],"Demand,":[94],"which":[95,220],"states":[96],"increasing":[98],"price":[100,137],"good,":[103,141],"all":[104],"else":[105],"equal,":[106],"will":[107],"reduce":[108],"quantity":[110],"demanded.":[111],"created":[113],"two":[114,132],"exactly":[115],"equivalent":[116],"worlds,":[117],"randomly":[119],"assigned":[120],"one":[123,200],"or":[124],"other.":[126],"The":[127],"only":[128],"difference":[129],"single":[140],"health":[143],"potion,":[144],"twice":[146],"as":[147,209],"high":[148],"experimental":[151,178],"than":[153],"control.":[156],"allowed":[158],"(N":[160],"=":[161],"43)":[162],"enter":[164],"play":[166],"for":[169,202],"month.":[171],"found":[173],"condition":[179],"purchased":[180],"43.1":[181],"percent":[182],"fewer":[183],"potions,":[186],"implying":[187],"elasticity":[190],"-0.431.":[192],"This":[193],"finding":[194],"well":[196,228],"within":[197],"range":[199],"expects":[201],"normal":[203],"economic":[204,241],"agents.":[205],"take":[207],"this":[208],"evidence":[210],"Demand":[215],"holds":[216],"environments,":[219],"suggests":[221],"turn":[223],"may":[227,235],"normal.":[231],"If":[232],"so,":[233],"it":[234],"worthwhile":[237],"conduct":[239],"controlled":[240],"social":[243],"experiments":[244],"greater":[249],"scales":[250],"both":[252],"population":[253],"(thousands":[254],"users)":[256],"time":[258],"(many":[259],"months).":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
