{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032708129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jgc.2012070103","title":"Efficient Heuristics for Large-Scale Vehicle Routing Problems Using Particle Swarm Optimization","display_name":"Efficient Heuristics for Large-Scale Vehicle Routing Problems Using Particle Swarm Optimization","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032708129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jgc.2012070103","mag":"2032708129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jgc.2012070103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jgc.2012070103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190456","display_name":"International Journal of Green Computing","issn_l":"1948-5018","issn":["1948-5018","1948-5026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Green Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108615845","display_name":"A. B. Chandramouli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122964287","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli","ror":"https://ror.org/047x65e68","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122964287"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Chandramouli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India","[National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, India]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122964287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, India]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122964287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070325573","display_name":"L. Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5872-2282"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Vivek Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Velammal Engineering College, India","Velammal Engineering College, India#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Velammal Engineering College, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Velammal Engineering College, India#TAB#","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006343193","display_name":"T.T. Narendran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. T. Narendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India","Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108615845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122964287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6848,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75727762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"34","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8067411184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.8056336641311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7284455895423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7124683856964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.7074441313743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6473313570022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6073684692382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4610753059387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.45611023902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24619939923286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19961822032928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17035958170890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.05993753671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.04995039105415344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8067411184310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.8056336641311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7284455895423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7124683856964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.7074441313743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6473313570022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6073684692382812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4610753059387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.45611023902893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24619939923286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19961822032928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17035958170890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.05993753671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.04995039105415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jgc.2012070103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jgc.2012070103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190456","display_name":"International Journal of Green Computing","issn_l":"1948-5018","issn":["1948-5018","1948-5026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Green Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jgc000:v:3:y:2012:i:2:p:34-50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jgc.2012070103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546822455","https://openalex.org/W1582842319","https://openalex.org/W1997403587","https://openalex.org/W1999406036","https://openalex.org/W2000388551","https://openalex.org/W2002663664","https://openalex.org/W2015057142","https://openalex.org/W2028412498","https://openalex.org/W2043496704","https://openalex.org/W2048583876","https://openalex.org/W2049065056","https://openalex.org/W2058569171","https://openalex.org/W2065398238","https://openalex.org/W2080427200","https://openalex.org/W2081230102","https://openalex.org/W2093709925","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2111174053","https://openalex.org/W2118587067","https://openalex.org/W2124613591","https://openalex.org/W2129642120","https://openalex.org/W2252898530","https://openalex.org/W2617045890","https://openalex.org/W4232044272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3119129187","https://openalex.org/W2980811403","https://openalex.org/W2470251263","https://openalex.org/W2193306078","https://openalex.org/W3177062893","https://openalex.org/W3125143773","https://openalex.org/W803550684","https://openalex.org/W2483226803","https://openalex.org/W3143937874","https://openalex.org/W2007032764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,28,42,47],"Capacitated":[4],"Vehicle":[5],"Routing":[6],"Problem":[7],"(CVRP)":[8],"with":[9],"a":[10,16,23,36,55],"homogenous":[11],"fleet":[12],"of":[13,45,91,93,98],"vehicles":[14],"serving":[15],"large":[17,85],"customer":[18],"base.":[19],"The":[20,74],"authors":[21],"propose":[22],"multi-phase":[24],"heuristic":[25,76],"that":[26],"clusters":[27],"nodes":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31],"proximity,":[32],"orients":[33],"them":[34],"along":[35],"route,":[37],"and":[38,95],"allots":[39],"vehicles.":[40],"For":[41],"final":[43],"phase":[44],"determining":[46],"routes":[48],"for":[49,71,84],"each":[50],"vehicle,":[51],"they":[52],"have":[53,68],"developed":[54],"Particle":[56],"Swarm":[57],"Optimization":[58],"(PSO)":[59],"approach.":[60],"Benchmark":[61],"datasets":[62,67],"as":[63,65],"well":[64,82],"hypothetical":[66],"been":[69],"used":[70],"computational":[72,99],"trials.":[73],"proposed":[75],"is":[77],"found":[78],"to":[79],"perform":[80],"exceedingly":[81],"even":[83],"problem":[86],"instances,":[87],"both":[88],"in":[89,96],"terms":[90,97],"quality":[92],"solutions":[94],"effort.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}