{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987133460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jec.2013040102","title":"Leadership Constraints","display_name":"Leadership Constraints","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987133460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jec.2013040102","mag":"1987133460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jec.2013040102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jec.2013040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129960573","display_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","issn_l":"1548-3673","issn":["1548-3673","1548-3681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057144234","display_name":"Leslie Tworoger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","display_name":"Nova Southeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/042bbge36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie C. Tworoger","raw_affiliation_strings":["H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061128884","display_name":"Cynthia P. Ruppel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-5314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","display_name":"Nova Southeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/042bbge36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia P. Ruppel","raw_affiliation_strings":["H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057385382","display_name":"Baiyun Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6842-0720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","display_name":"Nova Southeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/042bbge36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baiyun Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045364790","display_name":"Randolph A. Pohlman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","display_name":"Nova Southeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/042bbge36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randolph A. Pohlman","raw_affiliation_strings":["H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"H. Wayne Huizenga School of Business & Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87880289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"34","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12028","display_name":"Knowledge Management and Sharing","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporation","display_name":"Multinational corporation","score":0.7825329303741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtuality","display_name":"Virtuality (gaming)","score":0.5813671350479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.5567514300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"Globalization","score":0.5211843848228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.5071444511413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4401700794696808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporation","display_name":"Corporation","score":0.41216617822647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4069713056087494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.39237892627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35010015964508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3224617838859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.217352956533432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19709303975105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13906803727149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09621521830558777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7825329303741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32605310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148949","display_name":"Virtuality (gaming)","level":2,"score":0.5813671350479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5567514300346375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2119116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181","display_name":"Globalization","level":2,"score":0.5211843848228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5071444511413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4401700794696808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.41216617822647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4069713056087494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.39237892627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35010015964508057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3224617838859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.217352956533432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19709303975105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13906803727149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09621521830558777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jec.2013040102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jec.2013040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129960573","display_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","issn_l":"1548-3673","issn":["1548-3673","1548-3681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of e-Collaboration","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nsuworks.nova.edu:hcbe_facarticles-1091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcbe_facarticles/92","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196410","display_name":"NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","host_organization_name":"Nova Southeastern University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HCBE Faculty Articles","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jec000:v:9:y:2013:i:2:p:34-60","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jec.2013040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117395651","https://openalex.org/W139070083","https://openalex.org/W178030470","https://openalex.org/W591183351","https://openalex.org/W596639268","https://openalex.org/W604616382","https://openalex.org/W1552483424","https://openalex.org/W1556808170","https://openalex.org/W1569268909","https://openalex.org/W1585558088","https://openalex.org/W1964799945","https://openalex.org/W1966179317","https://openalex.org/W1968751892","https://openalex.org/W1972558894","https://openalex.org/W1975362707","https://openalex.org/W1977022341","https://openalex.org/W1980270227","https://openalex.org/W1987033802","https://openalex.org/W1996213232","https://openalex.org/W1996461082","https://openalex.org/W1997730562","https://openalex.org/W2009886523","https://openalex.org/W2012951594","https://openalex.org/W2017810225","https://openalex.org/W2021583039","https://openalex.org/W2032370421","https://openalex.org/W2037300325","https://openalex.org/W2042012636","https://openalex.org/W2043473559","https://openalex.org/W2043737820","https://openalex.org/W2047125906","https://openalex.org/W2050490981","https://openalex.org/W2051203475","https://openalex.org/W2054515376","https://openalex.org/W2058226122","https://openalex.org/W2063388190","https://openalex.org/W2067741539","https://openalex.org/W2079209740","https://openalex.org/W2081228936","https://openalex.org/W2085118340","https://openalex.org/W2088248295","https://openalex.org/W2095583498","https://openalex.org/W2096249788","https://openalex.org/W2102796456","https://openalex.org/W2102915137","https://openalex.org/W2111219356","https://openalex.org/W2115283497","https://openalex.org/W2116662294","https://openalex.org/W2120102192","https://openalex.org/W2120215463","https://openalex.org/W2124486459","https://openalex.org/W2126741141","https://openalex.org/W2129395421","https://openalex.org/W2158171016","https://openalex.org/W2172193860","https://openalex.org/W2190967469","https://openalex.org/W2412923702","https://openalex.org/W2529108258","https://openalex.org/W2799832415","https://openalex.org/W2811153073","https://openalex.org/W2887215946","https://openalex.org/W3124977960","https://openalex.org/W3216524629","https://openalex.org/W4230422998","https://openalex.org/W4241432804","https://openalex.org/W4244985803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W575005225","https://openalex.org/W2349547947","https://openalex.org/W2504794991","https://openalex.org/W2626328613","https://openalex.org/W3123710195","https://openalex.org/W2796656023","https://openalex.org/W2369004163","https://openalex.org/W2888635165","https://openalex.org/W2093195094","https://openalex.org/W4252383400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,43],"research":[1],"focused":[2],"on":[3],"the":[4,11,14,30,63,67,78,102],"question:":[5],"What":[6],"leadership":[7,27],"constraints":[8,28,58,72],"contribute":[9],"to":[10,38,77,85],"complexity":[12,79],"of":[13,32,46],"working":[15],"environment":[16],"faced":[17,82],"by":[18],"global":[19],"virtual":[20],"team":[21,40,50,96],"leaders":[22,33,81],"and":[23,66,73],"how":[24],"do":[25],"those":[26],"impact":[29],"behavior":[31],"when":[34,83],"they":[35],"are":[36],"trying":[37],"meet":[39],"member":[41,97],"expectations?":[42],"qualitative":[44],"study":[45],"a":[47,52],"high":[48],"performing":[49],"within":[51],"multinational":[53],"corporation":[54],"(MNC)":[55],"identified":[56],"four":[57],"facing":[59],"leaders:":[60],"virtuality,":[61],"globalization,":[62],"domestic":[64],"workplace,":[65],"matrix":[68],"organizational":[69],"structure.":[70],"These":[71],"their":[74],"interactions":[75],"contributed":[76],"that":[80],"attempting":[84],"influence":[86],"followers.":[87],"While":[88],"work/life":[89],"roles":[90],"have":[91],"changed":[92],"dramatically":[93],"for":[94],"leaders,":[95],"expectations":[98],"remain":[99],"rooted":[100],"in":[101],"past.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T06:19:23.411458","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}