{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101826562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jebr.2007100107","title":"Macro-Economic and Social Impacts of Offshore Outsourcing of Information Technology","display_name":"Macro-Economic and Social Impacts of Offshore Outsourcing of Information Technology","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101826562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jebr.2007100107","mag":"2101826562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/jebr.2007100107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jebr.2007100107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77020770","display_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","issn_l":"1548-1131","issn":["1548-1131","1548-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002805331","display_name":"Karl Knapp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135191193","display_name":"University of Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/052133d12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135191193"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Knapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Indianapolis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Indianapolis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135191193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014698386","display_name":"Sushil Kumar Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7591-2029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198089087","display_name":"Ball State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00k6tx165","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198089087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushil Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ball State University, USA","Ball State University, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ball State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198089087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ball State University, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198089087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009307351","display_name":"Kevin King","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147467","display_name":"Clariant (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrt9p44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147467","https://openalex.org/I98647062"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clarian Health, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clarian Health, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002805331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135191193"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91745099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"112","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12779","display_name":"Public Procurement and Policy","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12392","display_name":"Sharing Economy and Platforms","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.748498260974884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-outsourcing","display_name":"Offshore outsourcing","score":0.7191247940063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-process-outsourcing","display_name":"Knowledge process outsourcing","score":0.6198983192443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6152689456939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.5323878526687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5260229706764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"Unemployment","score":0.47586220502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshoring","display_name":"Offshoring","score":0.4289361834526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimism","display_name":"Optimism","score":0.42084482312202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3880390524864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.34622371196746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.29516685009002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.22260791063308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.1287274956703186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.748498260974884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Offshore outsourcing","level":4,"score":0.7191247940063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108474776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917279","display_name":"Knowledge process outsourcing","level":3,"score":0.6198983192443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6152689456939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5323878526687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5260229706764221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.47586220502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39302471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9051832","display_name":"Offshoring","level":3,"score":0.4289361834526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204017024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485446","display_name":"Optimism","level":2,"score":0.42084482312202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3880390524864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.34622371196746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.29516685009002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.22260791063308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1287274956703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/jebr.2007100107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jebr.2007100107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77020770","display_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","issn_l":"1548-1131","issn":["1548-1131","1548-114X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of E-Business Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jebr00:v:3:y:2007:i:4:p:112-132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/jebr.2007100107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.75,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10026432","https://openalex.org/W116389530","https://openalex.org/W159744275","https://openalex.org/W972519884","https://openalex.org/W1483321302","https://openalex.org/W1490226430","https://openalex.org/W1498806680","https://openalex.org/W1519913602","https://openalex.org/W1520211851","https://openalex.org/W1521563578","https://openalex.org/W1522302384","https://openalex.org/W1528822157","https://openalex.org/W1548829586","https://openalex.org/W1556341552","https://openalex.org/W1567411073","https://openalex.org/W1590074231","https://openalex.org/W1597451533","https://openalex.org/W1965721962","https://openalex.org/W1973065090","https://openalex.org/W1976249275","https://openalex.org/W1985621130","https://openalex.org/W1989488360","https://openalex.org/W1995415491","https://openalex.org/W2006890840","https://openalex.org/W2013662467","https://openalex.org/W2027729020","https://openalex.org/W2030088314","https://openalex.org/W2030356183","https://openalex.org/W2077033060","https://openalex.org/W2083528841","https://openalex.org/W2116396791","https://openalex.org/W2124400200","https://openalex.org/W2124746930","https://openalex.org/W2147133344","https://openalex.org/W2154524380","https://openalex.org/W2162255379","https://openalex.org/W2162699356","https://openalex.org/W2165792233","https://openalex.org/W2171625639","https://openalex.org/W2173036724","https://openalex.org/W2196859186","https://openalex.org/W2319526667","https://openalex.org/W2494550745","https://openalex.org/W2565393901","https://openalex.org/W2593096708","https://openalex.org/W2994474006","https://openalex.org/W3121896431","https://openalex.org/W3124191713","https://openalex.org/W3125103573","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051978093","https://openalex.org/W21892006","https://openalex.org/W1990136783","https://openalex.org/W1985903762","https://openalex.org/W2375611471","https://openalex.org/W4385221767","https://openalex.org/W2000112172","https://openalex.org/W4233065988","https://openalex.org/W2353556762","https://openalex.org/W2522294848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Offshore":[0],"IT":[1,50,117],"outsourcing":[2,27,51,61,118],"has":[3,102],"been":[4,103],"gaining":[5],"acceptance":[6],"among":[7],"corporations":[8],"as":[9,88],"a":[10,81,124],"mainstream":[11],"alternative":[12],"to":[13,30,105],"in-house":[14],"operations.":[15],"Various":[16],"studies":[17],"conducted":[18,104],"over":[19],"the":[20,46,64,69,110,120,146,151,162,165],"last":[21],"10":[22],"years":[23],"have":[24],"shown":[25],"that":[26,60],"allows":[28],"firms":[29],"reduce":[31],"high":[32],"overhead":[33],"costs":[34],"and":[35,40,55,78,96,112,134,150],"improve":[36,42],"productivity,":[37],"contribute":[38],"flexibility,":[39],"thus":[41],"overall":[43],"performance":[44],"of":[45,68,115,148,164],"firm.":[47],"However,":[48],"offshore":[49,116],"brings":[52],"new":[53],"challenges":[54],"risks.":[56],"The":[57,128,139],"skeptics":[58],"believe":[59],"may":[62,79,158],"weaken":[63],"local":[65,76],"business":[66],"competitiveness":[67],"region,":[70],"investors\u2019":[71],"confidence":[72],"in":[73,75,91,119,145],"investing":[74],"businesses,":[77],"create":[80],"spiral":[82],"effect":[83],"on":[84],"economic":[85],"indicators":[86],"such":[87],"unemployment,":[89],"enrollment":[90],"schools,":[92],"living":[93],"styles,":[94],"housing,":[95],"construction,":[97],"etc.":[98],"Little":[99],"deliberate":[100],"research":[101,129,140],"date.":[106],"This":[107],"study":[108],"investigates":[109],"macro-":[111],"socio-economic":[113],"consequences":[114],"United":[121],"States":[122],"using":[123],"system":[125],"dynamics":[126],"model.":[127],"finds":[130,142],"significant":[131,143],"effects":[132],"perceived":[133],"experienced":[135],"by":[136],"IS":[137,167],"professionals.":[138],"also":[141],"differences":[144],"perceptions":[147],"practitioners":[149],"academy,":[152],"especially":[153],"students":[154],"whose":[155],"inflated":[156],"expectations":[157],"cause":[159],"disappointment":[160],"with":[161],"reality":[163],"current":[166],"professions.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}